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FCSDBio-Genetics
Genetics 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| genetics | the study of traits are passed from parent to offspring |
| Gregor Mendel | an Austrian monk who worked with garden peas and developed the basic understanding of genetics |
| Mendelian genetics | traits due to a single gene with two or three alleles |
| dominant trait | needs only one dominant gene to express the trait; hides the recessive trait |
| recessive trait | needs both recessive genes to express the trait; only seen in the absence of a dominant gene |
| homozygous dominant | two of the same traits, big letters (ex. TT) |
| heterozygous | one of each trait (ex. Tt) |
| homozygous recessive | two of the same traits; small letters (ex. tt) |
| phenotype | the visible; physical trait (ex. tall, blue eyes) |
| genotype | the types of genes (ex. TT, tt, Tt) |
| Punnett square | predicts the posssible outcomes of a cross or mating |
| chromosome | linear structure containing DNAand protein found in the nucleus of a cell |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; contains al the genetic informatiaon of the organism |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosome that are the same size and carry the same genes; one come from the motherand one from the father |
| gene | a small section of a chromosome that codes for a particular protein; each chromosome has hundreds of thousands |
| allele | an alternate form of a gene |
| genome | all the genetic material of an organism |
| diploid | 2n; two types of each chromosome, one from eachparent; all body cells |
| haploid | n; one type of each chromosome; result of meiosis; all sex cells |
| sex chromosomes | X and Y chromosomes (XX = female, XY = male) |
| autosomes | all of the other chromosome; not sex chromosomes; #1-22 |
| mitosis | cell division resulting in identical diploid cells (diploid) |
| meiosis | cell division resulting in half the number of chromosomes (haploid) |
| incomplete dominance | an intermediate phenotype seen in the heterozygote (ex. red x white = pink) |
| co-dominance | both alleles are equally expressed |
| Rh system | name after rhesus monkey; identifies antigens in blood |
| sex linked traits | the presence of a gene on a sex chromosome; in heritance is different for makes and females (ex. color blindness); identified by Thomas Hunt Morgan |
| gene expression | environment can affect the expression of genes |
| pedigree | a chart showing all the known phenotypes for an organism and its ancestors; used in human genetics to analyze Mendelian inheritance of certain traits, especially of familial diseases; used to determine the mode of inheritance of the trait |
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