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Module (1)
Cell Biology 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Control Group | In an expriment, the group closely resembling the experiment group in many demographic variables but not receiving the factor under study and thereby serving as a comparison group when results are evaluated. |
| Dependent Variable | The event studied in a experiment and expected to change when the independent variable is changed. |
| Experiment | A scientific approach to testing a hypothesis. |
| Experimental Group | The group of subjects that are exposed to the variable in a control experiment. |
| Hypothesis | A tentative explanation or educated guess about a problem. |
| Independent Variable | A manipulated variable in an experiment; its presence determines the change of the dependent variable. |
| Procedure | A series of steps taken to carry out an experiment. |
| Reliability | Yielding the same or compatible results in different experimental trials. |
| Scientific Method | A methodical approach to designing and conducting an experiment. |
| Theory | A major hypothesis that is accepted by the scientific community because it has repeatedly survived several tests. |
| Validity | Correctly inferred or deducted from a premise. |
| Cell Wall | Contains cellulose and fibres that support and protect the plant cell. |
| Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane | A phospholipid bilayer with embedded globular proteins that controls the flow of matter in and out of the cell; forms a semi-permeable barrier between the cell and its environment. |
| Chromosome | Long strands of DNA found within the nucleus; chromosomes contain all genetic information for the development, growth, and function of an organism. (Called Chromatin when uncoiled) |
| Cristae | Short, fingerlike projections formed by folding of the inner membrane of the mitochondira. |
| Cytoplasm | All of the fluid outside of the nucleus, other then the organelles; provides cushioning for the organelles within the cell and is the site of most chemical activity within the cell. |
| Cytoskeleton | Structural support of the cell membrane comes form the cytoskeleton - a three dimensional network of protein fibres; Microtubules, actin filaments and intermediate filaments. |
| Golgi Apparatus | Structures made up of flattened sacs used to store, package, and export proteins and other materials in the cells; Materials are packed in small vacuoles that are transported with the cytoplasm or moved to the cell membrane to be secreted via exocytosis. |
| Lysosome | Vesicles filled with hydrolytic enzymes that help to digest food or break down old structures for recycling or removal from the cell. |
| Matrix | The inner fluid space in the mitochondria; contains DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes that break down carbohydrates to provide energy needed to produce ATP during cellular respiration. |
| Nuclear Envelope | Contains nucleus pores; controls movement of materials into and out of the nucleus; A double layer membrane surrounding the nucleus. |
| Nuclear Pore | Opening in the nuclear envelope that permits the passage of the proteins into the nucleus and ribosomal subunits out of the nucleus. |
| Nucleolus | The dark spherical area in the nucleus; aids in the production of rDNA (ribosomal DNA), a structure component of ribosomes. |
| Organelles | Sub-cellular structures surrounded by membranes. |
| Polysomes | Strings of ribosomes simultaneously translating regions of the same mRNA strand during protein synthesis; also called polyribosomes. |
| Ribosomes | Small dense granules that show up as black dots on electron micrographs; structures found on rough ER (some are free floating) that assemble proteins. |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) | Characterized by large numbers of ribosomes on the surface; responsible for the production of proteins for export from the cell; ER is a network of transporting canals attached to the nuclear envelope. |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | lacks ribosomes; responsible for the production of lipids, such as testosterone (steroid hormones). |
| Vacuoles | A membrane-enclosed structure that is usually filled with water and chemicals (food on the way into the cell or waste on the way out); A large central vacuole is present in a plant cell. |
| Vesicle | Small vacuoles used to transport materials. |
| Cellular Respiration | The process that releases energy for use by the organism respiration; the balanced chemical equation is: 6O2+C6H12O g 6CO2+ 6H2O+ energy; oxygen+glucose g carbon dioxide+water+energy |
| Chloropast | Bounded vt two membranes that surround a fluid filled space (stroma); contains chrophyll, the green pigment involved in the process of photosynthesis. |
| Mitochondria | (Singular: Mitochondrion) are the powerhouses of the cell; they produce ATP energy by a process called cellular respiration. |
| Nucleus | The most important organelle in the cell; it stores the genetic material (DNA) that determines the characteristics and the metabolic functions of the cell; it is the cells control centre. |
| Photosynthesis | The synthesis of complex organic materials from carbon dioxide, water, and organic salts, using sunlight as the source of energy with the aid of chlorophyll and associated pigments. |
Created by:
miss.jane6
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