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Science - Biology II
Chapter 29 Flash Cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| stomata | |
| cuticle | waxy; acts as a waterproofing covering, helps prevent excessive water loss while providing protection from microbial attack |
| sporophyte | mitotic division of the zygote produces the multicellular sporophyte, the spore-producing generation; diploid |
| vascular tissue | cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body |
| gymnosperm | grouped together as "naked seed" plants because their seeds are not enclosed in chambers (conifers) |
| angiosperm | huge clade consisting of all flowering plants; seeds develop inside chambers called ovaries which originate within flowers and mature into fruits |
| embryophyte | another name for land plants; multicellular, dependent embryo of land plants |
| gametophyte | production of mitosis of haploid gametes (egg and sperm) that fuse during fertilization, forming diploid zygotes |
| sporocytes | undergo meiosis and generate the haploid spores; within the sporangium; diploid |
| antheridium | male gametangia; produce and release sperm into the environment |
| archegonium | female gametangia; produces a single egg retained within the base of organ |
| homosporous | having one type of sporophyll producing one type of spore that typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte (ferns); most seedless vascular plants |
| heterosporous | two types of sporophylls and produces two kinds of spores |
| sporangia | multicellular organs of the sporophyte; produce plant spores |
| megaspores | develop into female gametophytes; made by the megasporangia in megasporophylls |
| microspores | develop into male gametophytes; made by microsporangia in microsporophylls |
| sporophylls | modified leaves that bear sporangia; vary greatly in structure |
| alternation of generations | reproductive cycle in that all land plants alternate between two different multicellular bodies, with each form producing the other |
| zygote | develops into a new sporophyte, and the young plant grows out from an archegonium of its parent, the gametophyte |
| 4 characteristics that distinguish plants from organisms in the other four kingdoms. | - eukaryotic - autotrophic (photosynthetic) - organisms with true organs and tissues - cell walls - alternation of generations life cycle |
| describe four major periods of plant evolution that opened new adaptive zones on land. | |
| distinguish between division and phylum. | |
| List 10 plant divisions. | |
| explain how plants many have evolved from green algae. | |
| 2 adaptations that made the plants move onto the land possible. | |
| explain how bryophytes are still tied water. | |
| 3 divisions of Bryophyta | 1) Hepatophyta - Liverworts 2) Anthocerophyta - Hornworts 3) Bryophyta - Mosses |
| 4 extant divisions of seedless vascular plants. | |
| distinguish between heterosporous and homosporous | |
| spore | reproductive cells that can develop into a new organism without fusing into another cell |
| life cycle differences in ferns and mosses | |
| describe how coal is formed | fossil fuel, because it is formed from the remains of vegetation that grew as long as 400mya; It is often referred to as "buried sunshine," because the plants which formed coal captured energy from the sun through photosynthesis that made up plant tissues |
| bryophytes | nonvascular plants; Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses (no extensive vascular tissues) |
| microphylls | small, usually spine-shaped leaves with a single vein (found in lycophytes) |
| megaphylls | leaves with a highly branched vascular system; found in almost all vascular plants; typically larger than microphylls |
| strobili | cones formed by groups of sporophylls |
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