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GEOS116 - Lecture 1

GEOS116 - Lecture 1 - Ocean Origins

QuestionAnswer
Why study oceans? *They cover 71% of the surface and are 97% of the water on Earth. *Vital for the atmoshpere and climate control. *Source of food and fossil fuels. *Act as a form of waste disposal. *Generate tsunamis and cyclones. *Hide majority of volcanic activity.
Volume of ocean? 1.4 billion cubic kms. (18 times land aboe s.l.)
Vast majority of the Earth is the... mantle
Amount of water in lava? 1%, at present rates of volcanism it would have taken twice the age of the early to generate the oceans.
Hydrous minerals with 0.25% water takes up.... 5% of the oceans water.
How much of the Earth's water is found in the mantle? The mantle is about 33 ppm water which is 10% of the total water.
Currently water is added by... volcanism
Currently water is lost to.... Rocks (alteration and weathering) and also lost to space.
When mantle melts ______ forms. Basalt
Water dissolved in the lava come to the surface, this is know as..... mantle out-gassing
Explain the out-gasing model. Volcanism released the water in the planetsmals. It was lost to space until enough of the gases collected and allowed condensation which formed the oceans.
Explain the cometary model. In the bombardment that formed the Earth 10% were comets, which gave us water.
What evidence points to the origin of water to be mostly planetmals? Comets analysed have a vastly different hydrogen isotope configuration. Earth formed in 4.6 Ba and have atm 4.5 Ba.
When did water first condense? pre 4.3 Ba.
Has the total volume of water change in the last billion years? Not much at all
Ice varies from 0 to ___ of total water on Earth. 10%ish
Water bound up in hydrous minerals could be a sizable fraction of the water in the oceans. T/F? True
Created by: penguin84
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