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Bio ch37
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Transpiration | Water loss via evaporation. Occurs when stomata is open and air surrounding leaves is drier than the air in leaves. |
| Movement of water through leaves is | Passive and requires no expenditure of ATP. |
| Water potential | Potential energy that water has in a particular environment compared with the potential energy of water at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. |
| Solution | Homogenous mixture of liquids with several solutes. |
| Isotonic | Solute concentration is equivalent in the cell and in the solution. |
| Hypotonic | Solution has a lower concentration of solutes. |
| Hypertonic | Solute concentration is higher than that in cell. |
| Solute/Osmotic Potential | Tendency of water to move in response to differences in solute concentration. |
| Wall pressure | The rigid cell wall causing resistance to expansion. |
| Turgor pressure | Pressure inside cell before water pressure is induced. |
| Pressure potential | Any physiscal pressure on water. |
| Pressure measured in | megapascals |
| When turgor potential and solute potential equals 0 megapascals | There is an equilibrium. |
| Soil has a high water potential because... | It is high in solutes. |
| Wilt | When the cells in a plant loses water faster than it can be replaced. |
| Dry air and warm air causes | Low pressure around the plant. |
| Root pressure | Pressure potential created in roots that can move water against the force of gravity. |
| Cohesion tension | Force generated in leaves, could pull water from roots through xylem. |
| Tissue layer of roots from outside in... | Epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, vascular tissue. |
| Epidermis | Single layer of protective cells that may include root hairs. |
| Cortex | Stores carbohydrates |
| Endodermis | Separates cortex from vascular tissue; controls ion uptake |
| Pericycle | Can become meristematic and produce lateral roots. |
| Vascular tissues | transports water and nutrients. |
| Pathways water may take after being absorbed | Transmembrane, apoplastic, symplastic |
| Transmembrane route | Based on flow through aquaporin proteins and direct diffusion across plasma membranes. |
| Apoplastic pathway | Outside plasma membrane and consists of the porous cellwalls and the spaces that exist between cells. |
| Symplastic pathway | Consists of the continuous connection through cells that exist via plasmodesmata. |
| Casparian strip | Blocks apoplastic pathway at endodermis. |
| Suberin | Forms a water repellent cylinder |
| Guttation | When pressure forces warer droplets out of leaves in low growing plants. |
| Capillarity | Movement of water up narrow tubes such as the xylem. |
| Surface tension | Downward pull that exists on water molecule at an air-water interface. |
| Adhesion | Attraction of unlike molecules. |
| Cohesion | Mutual attraction between like molecules |
| Cohesion tension theory | Water is pulled to the tops of trees along a water potential gradient via forces generated by transpiration.(No energy is expended) |
| Passive conduit | A set of pipes that allows water to move from a region of high water potential to one of low water potential. |
| Photosynthesis-transpiration compromise | Balance between conserving water and maximizing photosynthesis. |
| Rubisco | Chemical that initiates calvin cycle. |
| C4 photosynthesis | Uses co2 so efficiently that they can minimize opening of stomata. Once mesophyll has absorbed CO2 it is transferred to bundle sheath cells where rubisco is abundant. |
| Translocation | Movement of sugars throughout a plant from source to sink. |
| Source | Tissue where sugar enters phloem |
| Sink | Tissue where sugar exits phloem. |
| Phloem is composed of... | Sieve tube members which are connected by sieve plates. |
| Pressure flow hypothesis | Suggests that there is a steep pressure potential gradient in phloem. Phloem sap moves down gradient and are carreid along by bulk flow |
| Bulk flow | Mass movement of molecules along a pressure gradient. |
| Phloem loading | Sucrose moved by active transport from source cells through companion cells to sieve tube members.Causes phloem sap neat the source with a high sucrose concentration and low water potential. |
| Phloem unloading | Companion cells remove sucrose from sieve tube members into the sink root cells.Loadingis active, requiring ATP and a membrane transport system. Creates phloem sap with highwaterpotential.High sucrose concentrations insource cellsresult in loading viapass |
| Passive transport | When ions or molecules diffuse across a plasma membrane along their electrochemical gradient without any energy expenditure. |
| Facilitated diffusion | Diffusion with the help of channels and carries. |
| Active transport | Cells expend energy to move ions or molecules across a plasma membrane against their electrochemical gradient. |
| Pumps | Proteins that change shape. Transports molecules and ions against a chemical gradient. |
| Types of cotransporters | Symporters and antiporters |
| Symporters | Transports solutes against a concentration gradient using energy releasd when a different solute moves in the same direction down its electrochemical gradient. |
| Antiporter | Solutes move in opposite directions from symporters. |
| Proton pump | Hydrolyzes ATP to move hydrogen ions to the exterior of cell. |
| Tonoplast | Membrane surrounding organelle. |
Created by:
grijalvard
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