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evo bio ch8.2

QuestionAnswer
The diverse progenote or L.U.C.A.population produced for familiar 'Tree of life'. Separate divergence would be mixed by lateral gene transfer
The basal progenote lineage could be more like a mangrove than a regular tree
We can conclude that the 3 divisions of life have common ancestry, reinforced by a history of LGT n cell> fusion.
LGT lateral gene transfer
An example of lateral gene transfer happening now antibiotic resistance
As a result of shared ancestry + LGT + divergence metabolism is both conserved and enormously diverse in different species
Enzymes catalyze reactions making specific reactions faster than others. The same enzymes will catalyze the reverse reaction, but if the product of one reaction is the substrate for another enzyme, then equilibrium will tend to shift one way
Molecules that lose electron energy are oxidized. also seen as a lost of atoms. These 'electron donors' can hand electrons to molecules that gain electron energy. These are reduced
Molecules made in one pathway can be dropped into another pathway
Glycolysis is probably the most conserved (ancient) metabolic pathway that has survived to this day
anaerobic respiration: NADH is oxidized (loses electrons) > NAD+ to recycle it
Reactions (rxns) are reversible and will reverse according to supply and demand
In aerobic respiration Pyruvate > CO2, NADH and Acetyl. Acetyl goes into the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs) which lets out Co2, ATP, FADH2 and several NADH
In retrograde evolution: biochemical pathways may have evolved by adding the 'first' steps later on -- via selection for ways to replace molecules being depleted
Glycolysis: Glucouse----> 2 ATP 2NADH----> 2 Pyruvates
Depleted of H-rich carbon compounds could --> retrograde evolutionary selection for untapped resources for making C(H2O) compounds.
IN addition to making C(H2O) by fixing CO2, many photosynthetic bacteria make ATP by a cyclic photophosphorolation form of the light reactions.
Created by: awahay
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