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BIO 118 Exam 2
bio test flashies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following statements best explains why a physician would be concerned to find cancerous cells in the lymphatic system? | It means that metatasis is likely to have occurred |
| which of the following is not a way cancerous cells differ from normal cells? | cancer cells go through all stages of the cell cycle but normal cells do not |
| how do anti-oxides reduce the risk for cancer? | they prevent the unregulated loss of electrons from molecules in cells; including DNA |
| Cervical cancer- "I have nothing to worry about cervical cancer doesn't run in my family and I have a health lifestyle" | No. cervical cancer is often caused by HPV virus and exposure to the virus has nothing to do w/family history |
| Cancer is best described as | unregulated cell growth |
| Cancer cells within which of the following biopsy samples would best indicator that the cancer has metastases and is in the bloodstream? | lymph node |
| Researcher found an unusual cell that seems to be unable to replicate its DNA the problem is most linked to which cell cycle? | interphase |
| Which of the following can neutralize dangerous free radicals within the body? | antioxidents from dietry fruits and vegetables |
| During which phase of mitosis are replicated chromosome alliged in the middle of the cell? | metaphase |
| Consider a cell went part of mitosis but not cytokinesis the results would be? | a cell with 2 nuclei |
| During which part of mitosis does the nuclear envolope breakdown? | prophase |
| the term "semiconservative replication" refers to the fact that | the dna molecule includeds a parental strand and newly created DNA strand |
| which of the following enzyme that sythesizes DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle | DNA polymerase |
| which is not a feature of DNA | complentary strands are held together by hydrogen-bonding between phosphate groups |
| Cancer is generally considered a disease of older individuals because | it takes time for mutations in the proto-oncogenes to accumulate. |
| Laparoscopic procedures are not appropriate when | a physician needs to remove a large tumor from the body. |
| The most appropriate treatment to be used after metastasis has been confirmed is | chemotherapy |
| Scientists attempting to develop a new chemotherapy drug would consider that the best candidate to work on would be a drug that | prevents cells from forming spindle fibers. |
| In the absence of growth factors, a normal dividing cell would not be able to | enter the S phase of the cell cycle. |
| Which of the following statements about cancer is false? | One mutation in a cell's DNA is enough to cause the cell to become cancerous. |
| Which of the following factors should not prevent a normal cell from dividing? | growth factors |
| Which of the following is a gene that is associated with ovarian cancer? | HER2 |
| What is the difference between oncogenes and proto-oncogenes? | Proto-oncogenes encode proteins that help a cell divide under favorable conditions; oncogenes encode proteins that help a cell divide under unfavorable conditions. |
| Which of the following can happen during a cell cycle checkpoint? | The cell checks whether its chromosomes are properly attached to microtubules. |
| Consider a gene that encodes a protein necessary for a cell to stop at checkpoints. That is, if a mutation eliminated the function of that gene, there would be no checkpoints. This gene is an example of a(n) | tumor-suppressor gene. |
| What is the process by which a tumor attracts and redirects blood vessels to keep it supplied with O2 and nutrients? | angiogenesis |
| Each of the following is a common feature of cancer cells EXCEPT | contact inhibition. |
| The multiple hit model of cancer means that | multiple mutations are required to cause most forms of cancer. |
| _______ are places in the cell cycle where a cell assesses whether it has met the conditions to proceed to the next step of the cycle. | Checkpoints |
| Which of the following is a protein that acts as a tumor suppressor? | p53 |
| Mutations of the gene that encodes p53 result in | damaged DNA proceeding through mitosis. |
| Most forms of chemotherapy target which feature of cancer cells? | cell division |
| Radiation therapy works primarily by | damaging DNA in cells so that cells can no longer grow and divide. |
| Elevated CA125 in a patient's blood may indicate ovarian cancer. However, routine screening of CA125 levels is not practical because of all the following EXCEPT that | CA125 levels are elevated only at the beginning of cancer development and then cease abruptly. |
| Which of the following statements about meiosis is false? | Crossing over usually occurs between sister chromatids during prophase II. |
| Which of the following statements is true? | An individual produces gametes that all have a different genetic makeup, while his or her somatic cells all have the same genetic makeup. |
| Which of the following does not contain condensed chromosomes that have been duplicated? | a cell during the G1 phase of interphase |
| Which of the following events takes place during meiosis II? | Sister chromatids separate from one another. |
| The members of a pair of chromosomes are called | homologous chromosomes. |
| Different versions of the same gene are called | alleles. |
| Normal sperm or egg cells in a human | have one copy of each chromosome. |
| Tetraploid organisms have four copies of each chromosome instead of the two copies that we humans have. How many copies of each chromosome end up in a gamete produced by a tetraploid organism? | 2 |
| A normal human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is | a sperm cell |
| A normal human cell containing 44 autosomes and two X chromosomes is | a somatic cell of a female. |
| Homologous chromosomes separate during | Meiosis 1 |
| Sister chromatids separate during | Both meiosis II and Mitosis |
| Crossing over occurs during | prophase I of meiosis I |
| Genes that are on the same chromosome are said to be | linked |
| Which of the following affects the number of genetically distinct gametes that an organism can make? | all of the above |
| ________ are specialized cells (egg cells and sperm cells, for example) used for sexual reproduction. | Gametes |
| What are the two halves of a duplicated chromosome called? | sister chromatids |
| What is the name for the point at which the two halves of a duplicated chromosome are connected? | centromere |
| Which type of cell division produces daughter cells that are identical to the original cell? | mitosis in animals |
| Sally is looking at a dividing cell under the microscope. She examines the cell and sees that the nucleus is not present and that the chromosomes are condensed and lined up in the center of the cell. She knows that this cell is in | metaphase |
| A malfunction in the G1 phase of the cell cycle might lead to | a failure of the cell to grow properly in preparation for division. |
| What is the fate of sister chromatids during mitosis? | They separate in anaphase and become chromosomes in new daughter cells. |
| Which of the following statements about human haploid cells is true? | They are produced within the gonads |
| What is thermography? | creates a digital map of your body that illustrates heat patterns |
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katlynnee
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