Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Defraction | elimination of feces from the body |
| Excretion | elimination of metabolic wastes |
| what are the organs of the urinary system | kidneys, ureters, bladder, and uretha |
| Kidneys | bean-shaped, fist sized organ where urine is formed |
| floating kidney | sharp blow to the back can dislodge a kidney |
| Ureters | small, muscular tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder |
| Bladder | expandable organ that stores urine until it is expelled from the body |
| Urethra | tube(no longer in men than women) that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the boduy |
| renal capsule | tough capsule of fibrous connective tissue that covers organs |
| urinary bladder | stores urine until it is expelled from body |
| How many openings for the ureters and uretha? | 2 for ureters and 1 for uretha |
| rugae | epithelium of mucosa that folds in mucosa |
| Functions of urinary system? | excretion of meatabolic wastes; water-salt balance; acid-base balance; hormone secretion |
| micturition | urination |
| Gout | painful ailment that produces when crystals of uric acid sometimes collect in joints |
| Urea | made by breakdown of amino acids in the liver |
| Uric acid | made by the breakdown of mucleotides |
| Creatinine | made by muscle cells from the breakdown of creatine phosphate |
| water-salt balance helps to maintain what? | blood pressure |
| renin | secreted by the kidneys to allow the adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone to help regulate water-salt balance |
| erythropoietin | secrreted by the kidney to stimulate red blood cell production when blood oxygen is low |
| 3 regions of the kidney? | renal cortex; renal medulla; renal pelvis |
| renal cortex | an outer granulated layer |
| renal medulla | cone shaped tissue masses called renal pyramids |
| renal pelvis | central cavity that is continuous with the ureter |
| What are nephrons? | microscopic functional unit of the kidney that produces urine; > 1 million per kidney |
| glomerulus | a knot of capillaries inside the glomerular capsule where pores produce a blood filtrate |
| proximal convoluted tubule | epithelial layer with a brush border of microvilli to allow reabsorption of filtrate components |
| loop of nephron | U-shaped structure that has a descending limb to allow water to leave and an ascending limb that pushes out salt |
| distal convoluted tubule | made of epithelial cells rich in mitochondria and thus is important for movement of molecules from the blood to the tubule (tubular secretion) |
| collecting ducts | several nephrons share a collecting duct which serve to carry urine to the renal pelvis |
| glomerular filtration | water and small molecules from the gloerulus to the glomerular capsule while large molecules and formed elements remain in the glomerular blood |
| Tubular reabsorption and secretion | many molecules and ions are reabsorbed from the nephron into the blood; a second way to remove substances |
| aldosterone | promotes the excretion of K+ and the reabsorption of Na+ |
| Atrial natriuretic hormone(ANH) | secreted by the heart when blood volume increases and inhibits the ssecretion of aldosterone which promotes the excretion of Na+ |
| establishment of solute gradient | a greater concentration is towards the inner medulla |
| Diuretics | chemicals that increase the flow of urine |
| Diuresis | increased amount of urine |
| juxtaglomerular apparatus | region of contract between the afferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule |
| What role does alcohol play in this process? | allcohol inhibits ADH secretion and thus increases the amount of urine and dehydration |
| buffers | a chemical or a combination of chemicals that can taje up excess H+ or excess OH- |
| Kidney disorders- Urethritis | localized infection of the urethra |
| Kidney disorders- Cystitis | infection in the bladder |
| Kidney disorders- Pyelonephritis | infection of the kidneys |
| Kidney disorders- Kidney stones | hard granules formed in the renal pelvis due to UTI's enlarged prostate, pH imbalances or intake of too much calcium |
| Kidney disorders- Uremia | high levels of urea and other waste substances in the blood that causes a serious condition when water and salts are retained due to extensive nephron damage |
| Hemodialysis | uses an artificial kidney machine to subtract and add substances to the blood as needed |
| Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) | used the peritoneal membrane to filter the blood and allows a person to go about their normal life without interruption |
| Kidney replacement | single kidney transplant with a high success rate |
| How do the kidneys maintain homeostasis? | excrete wastes; water-salt balance of blood; acid-base balance of blood; assistance to other systems |
Created by:
kenzie23
Popular Biology sets