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Geology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a metamorphic rock? | A rock that forms when a preexisting rock, or protolith, undergoes a solid-state change in response to the modification of its environment. |
| Define protolith | refers to the precursor lithology of a metamorphic rock. |
| What is metamorphism? | the solid-state recrystalization of pre-existing rocks due to changes in physical and chemical conditions, primarily heat, pressure, and the introduction of chemically active fluids. |
| Heat (temperature) and pressure in the Earth's crust cause rocks to be? | metamorphosed |
| Metamorphism happens within? | the crust (i.e., not deeper). |
| Heat and pressure modifiy rocks through what 3 mechanisms? | recrystallization, neomorphism, and metasomatism |
| What is recrystallization? | 1 of 3 mechanisms for heat and pressure to modify rocks (minerals change size and shape;it grows bigger crystals;this happens when marble forms from limestone). |
| Foliation and folding in metamorphic rock like gneiss happen slowly, over hundreds of thousands of years, as huge masses of material are subjected to? | regional metamorphism |
| What is neomorphism? | 1 of 3 mechanisms for heat and pressure to modify rocks (it makes new minerals out of the pre-existing ones). |
| What is metasomatism? | 1 of 3 mechanisms for heat and pressure to modify rocks (where composition of the rock changes, usually because hot water moves through and dissolves then removes or precipitates material; new minerals form). |
| _____ describes how much heat and pressure a metamorphic rock experienced. | Metamorphic Grade |
| ____ grade means not too much heat and pressure. | Low |
| ____ grade means a lot of heat and pressure. | High |
| ____ can occur to any pre-existing rock. | Metamorphism |
| What is plastic deformation | When mineral grains soften and deform; elevated temperatures; rock is squeezed or sheared; minerals change shape without breaking, like plastic. |
| When pressure is greater in one orientation (direction) | Differential Stress |
| What type of Differential Stress operates perpindicular to a surface? | Normal Stress |
| What type of Differential Stress operates sideways across a surface? and causes material to be "smeared out?" | Shear Stress |
| What causes minerals to align? | Differential Stress |
| What develops perpendicular to compression? | Foliation |
| Hydrothermal alteration is called? | Metasomatism |
| List foliated metamorphic rocks from low to high grade: | slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss. |
| Which foliated metamorphic rock is made up of fine clay and is low-grade metamorphic shale with distinct foliation (slaty cleavage) and breaks into flat sheets? | slate |
| Which foliated metamorphic rock is made up of fine mica-rich rock, formed by low to medium-grade alteration of slate; clay minerals neocrystallize into tiny micas; micas reflect a satiny luster; and is between slate and schist? | Phyllite |
| Which foliated metamorphic rock is a fine or coarse rock w/ larger micas; medium to high-grade metamorphism; mica visible because crystals have grown at higher temp.? | Schist |
| Which foliated metamorphic rock has distinct banded foliation with light bands of felsic minerals (quartz and feldspar) and dark bands of mafic minerals (biotite or amphibole)? | Gneiss |
| Name the granular metamorphic rocks with no foliation: | marble (from limestone) and quartzite (from quartz-rich sandstone). |
| _____ occurs around intrusive igneous bodies, where the hot magma cooks the surrounding pre-existing rock. | Contact metamorphism |
Created by:
birdman_11
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