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Bio Chap 2 Vocab B

Biology

QuestionAnswer
Atom The smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element, consisting of a nucleus containing combinations of neutrons and protons and one or more electrons.
Nucleus A specialized, usually spherical mass of protoplasm encased in a double membrane, and found in most living eukaryotic cells. The center of the atom.
Electron A negatively charged particle with 1/1840 the mass of a proton.
Element A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom.
Isotope Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain.
Compound A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.
Ionic Bond Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
Ion Positively and negatively charged atoms.
Covalent Bond Forms when electrons are shared between atoms.
Molecule The smallest unit of most compounds.
Van der Waals forces When molecules are close together, a slight attraction can develop between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules.
Cohesion Attraction between molecules of the same substance.
Adhesion Attraction between molecules of different substances.
Mixture A material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined.
Solution A type of mixture.And the process of determining the answer to a problem. the answer itself. +
Solute The substance that is dissolved.
Solvent The substance in which the solute dissolves.
Suspension Mixtures of water and non- dissolvable materials called suspension.
pH scale A measurement system used to indicate the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.
Acid Any compound that forms H+ ions in a solution.
Base A compound that produces hydroxide ions in a solution.
Buffer Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH.
Monomer Joins together to form polymers.
Polymer A compound of high molecular weight derived either by the addition of many smaller molecules.
Carbohydrate Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
Monosaccharide Another name for single sugar molecules.
Polysaccharide The large macromolecules formed from monosaccharaides.
Lipid Made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms. Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents...
Nucleic acid Macromolecules containing hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, and phosphorus.
Nucleotide Consist of three parts A compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
Ribonucleic acid Kind of 2 of nucleic acid.A nucleic acid that is generally single stranded (double stranded in some viruses and siRNA), composed of repeating nucleotide units of ribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
Deoxyribonucleic acid Is DNAA double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function.
Protein Macromolecules containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Amino acid Compounds with amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end.
Chemical reaction- Process that changes one set of chemicals to another set of chemicals.
Reactant Elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction.
Product The elements or products produced by chemical reactions.
Activation energy The energy needed to get a reaction started.
Catalyst Substance that speeds up the rate f a chemical reaction.
Enzyme Proteins that act as biological catalysts.
Substrates Are known as the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
Created by: zkolotos
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