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AP Env.Sci. Chp. 5
Question | Answer |
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age-structure pyramids | graphical representations of populations’ ages. |
albedo | the fraction of solar energy that is reflected back into space. |
biotic potential | the amount that the population would grow if there were unlimited resources in its environment. |
birth rate (crude birth rate) | the number of live births per 1,000 members of the population in a year. |
carrying capacity | the maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources in a region. |
death rate (crude death rate) | is equal to the number of deaths per 1,000 members of the population in a year. |
demographic transition model | a model that's used to predict population trends based on the birth and death rates as well as economic status of a population. |
ecological footprint | the amount of the earth’s surface that's required to supply the needs of and dispose of the waste from a particular population. |
Emigration | the movement of individuals out of a population. |
genetic drift | the random fluctuations in the frequency of the appearance of a gene in a small isolated population, presumably owing to chance, rather than natural selection. |
Immigration | the movement of individuals into a population. |
k-selected | organisms that reproduce later in life, produce fewer offspring, and devote significant time and energy to the nurturing of their offspring. |
logistic population growth | when a population is well below the size dictated by the carrying capacity of its region, it will grow exponentially, but as it approaches the carrying capacity, its growth rate will decrease and the size of the population will eventually become stable. |
population density | the number of individuals of a population that inhabit a certain unit of land or water area. |
replacement birth rate | the number of children a couple must have in order to replace themselves in a population. |
r-selected | organisms that reproduce early in life and often and have a high capacity for reproductive growth. |
total fertility rate | the number of children an average woman will bear during her lifetime; this information is based on an analysis of data from preceding years in the population in question. |