Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pharm 10 LA's
LECOM Pharm Ch 10 Local Anesthetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 afferent fibers that carry nocioceptor information | Aδ-fibers and C-fiber |
| Pain from Heat about 45*C is carried by what type of fiber | C-fiber |
| Pain from cold below 5*C is carried by what type of fiber? | Aδ-fibers |
| High threshold mechanical nocioceptors transmit pain via what type of fiber? | Aδ-fibers and some Aβ-fibers |
| Polymodal chemical, temperature, and mechanical nocioceptor transmits pain via what fibers? | C-fibers |
| LA’s affect nerves in which order? | small non-myelinated>small myelinated>large non-myelinated>large myelinated |
| Which type of feeling dulls first from LA’s? 2nd? 3rd? 4th? | pain>temp>touch>pressure |
| Do you need more or less anesthetic in infected tissue? | more; infected=acidic, LA’s are alkali and become neutralized and unable to bind |
| Speed and fiber of 1st pain? | 5-25 m/s and Aδ-fibers |
| Speed and fiber of 2nd pain? | 1 m/s and C-fibers |
| Mnemonic for amide-linked LA’s | amIdes have 2 I’s in the name; Lidocaine, Prilocaine, Bupivicaine, Articaine |
| Site of action for LA’s? and conformation affinity? | cytoplasmic side of Na+ channel, prefers intermediate, open, and inactive conformations |
| Higher or lower hydrophobicity increases LA’s partition through membranes? | Higher (but not too high or they are stuck in the membrane) |
| High, moderate, or low hydrophobicity is wanted in a good LA? | moderate |
| What functional group confers the hydrophobicity of an LA? | aromatic group |
| Protonated amine group + , = or – charge? | + |
| Deprotonated amine group: +, =, or – charge? | = |
| Protonated or deprotonated forms of amine cross membranes? | deprotonated |
| Protonated or deprotonated forms of amine binds to target site? | protonated |
| Most difficult nerve bundle layer for LA’s to penetrate? | perineurium |
| Where are ester-linked LA’s metabolized? By what? | tissue and plasma; esterases |
| Where are amide-linked LA’s metabolized? By what? | liver; P450 enzymes |
| Topical anesthetic mixture with concern of “toxicity or addiction” | TAC: tetracaine/Adrenaline/Cocaine |
| Used instead of TAC | EMLA |
| Local anesthetics cause a dose-dependent effect on the heart. What is it? | inotropic effect |
| LA that is also Class I antiarrhythmic | lidocaine |
| Allergic reactions to LA’s usually happen with this class | ester-linked |
| Ester-linked LA that has a know allergenic metabolite. What is the LA? What is the metabolite? | Procaine; PABA |
| 4 ester-linked LA’s | procaine, 2-chloroprocaine, tetracaine, cocaine |
| Don’t use this LA if being treated for acute bacterial Infx and Tx with sulfonamides | procaine |
| Short-acting LA, with slow onset, metabolized in the blood stream and excreted by the kidneys | procaine |
| Long acting, high potency, slowly degradation in blood stream. Usually used topically and spinally | tetracaine |
| Most cardiotoxic LA | cocaine |
| Used primarily in ophthalmic and topical anesthesia | cocaine |
| Rapid onset, medium duration, mildly potent, little vasoconstrictive activity, eliminated in the liver | lidocaine |
| For rapid onset of anesthesia do you want an LA with a low or high pKa? | low; further below 7.8 the more deprotonated molecules there will be and the faster they diffuse through membranes |
| Used when a Pt needs medium/long local anesthesia but has a Hx of arrhythmias, and can’t handle Epi; hepatically metabolized | prilocaine |
| Less cardiotoxic enantiomer of bupivacaine and 2 names | S-enantiomer; levobupivicaine/ropivicaine |
| Long duration, highly potent, hepatically metabolized LA; has cardiotoxic SA | bupivacaine |
| Used mainly in dentistry, partially metabolized peripherally and hepatically | articaine |
| Mixture of these 2 LA’s used topically is named this | lidocaine and prilocaine; EMLA |
| Used especially in OB epidurals | 2-chloroprocaine |
Created by:
csheck
Popular Science sets