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Biology 1406 Exam 2

General Features of Cells

QuestionAnswer
Cells Biology The study of individual cells and their interactions with each other.
Cell Theory (Cell Doctrine) All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. New cells are produced from existing cells.
Microscope A magnification tool that enables researchers to study he structure and function of cells.
Micrograph An image taken with the aid of a microscope.
Resolution What allows you to see a sharper picture with more details (Blurry to Sharp)
Contrast Helps bring out the color more (Color Difference)
Magnification Zooming in (100x to 200x)
Light Microscope Utilizes light for illumination
Electron Microscope Uses electrons for illumination.
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) A beam of electrons is transmitted though a biological sample.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Used to view the surface of a sample.
Protein-protein Interactions The specific interactions between proteins that occur during many critical cellular processes.
Genome the entire complement of a species genetic material.
Genes within each species' genome contain the information to create cells with particular structures and functions
prokaryotes Cells that have genetic material that is NOT contained in a nucleus
bacteria When not capitalized, refers to a cell or species within the domain Bacteria. One of the two categories of prokaryotes.
archaea When not capitalized, refers to the a cell or species within the domain Archaea. One of the two categories of prokaryotes.
Plasma Membrane A double layer of Phospholipids and embedded proteins, forms an important battier between the cell and its external environment.
Cytoplasm Material inside the cell membrane but outside of the nucleus in which all of the organelles float.
Nucleoid Region Where genetic material (DNA) is located
Ribosomes A structure composed of proteins and rRNA that provides the site where polypeptide syntheses occurs
Cell Wall Strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae and some bacteria. NOTE: ANIMAL CELLS DO NOT HAVE CELL WALLS.
Glycocalyx 1. An outer viscous covering surrounding a bacterium that traps water and helps protect bacteria from dying out. 2. A carbohydrate-rich zone on the surface of animal cells; also called cell coat.
Capsule A very thick, gelatinous glycocalyx produced by certain strains of bacteria that may help them avoid being destroyed by an animal's immune (defense) system
Pili Threadlike surface appendages that allow prokaryotes to attach to each other during mating or to move across surfaces
flagella Relatively long cell appendages that facilitate cellular movement or the movement of extracellular fluids
Eukaryotes Cells that contain a nucleus in which their genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell.
Organelle A subcellular structure or membrane-bound compartment with its own unique structure
Compartmentalization A characteristic of eukaryotic cells in which many organelles separate the cell into different regions. cellular compartmentalization allows a cell to carry out specialize chemical reactions in different places.
Proteome All of the types and relative amounts of proteins that are made in a particular cell at a particular time and under specific conditions.
Cytosol The region of a eukaryotic cell that is inside the plasma membrane and outside the organelles.
Created by: aubrie.miller21
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