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Micro Exam 3
CH 6,7,8,9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adapting to high salt concentrations, which are required for growth | Extreme halophile |
| The general term used for organisms capable at growth at 0C. | Psychophiles |
| Capable of growth at high temperatures; 50-60C | Thermophiles |
| Used in a media to nuetralize acid | Buffer |
| A phenomenon that occurs when bacteria are placed in high salt concentrations | Plasmolysis |
| Term used in text organsims that grow well at refrigerator temperatures; optimum growth is at 20-30C | Psychotrophs |
| Microbes that grow better at high CO2 concentrations | Capnophiles |
| Members of the archea with an optimum growth temperature of 80C | Hyperthermophiles |
| The matrix that makes up a biofilm | Hydrogel |
| The most common microbes; their optimum temperatures are at 25-40C | Mesophiles |
| Most bacteria grow best within a narrow pH range near neutrality pH of | 6.5-7.5 |
| These bacteria are responsible for acid fermentations, and are remarkably tolerant to acidity. | acidophiles |
| These do not require high salt concentrations, but they are able to grow in salt concentrations as high as 15% | Facultative halophile |
| An enzyme acting upon hydrogen peroxide. | Catalase |
| Rhizobium bacteria do this in symbiosis with leguminous plants. | Nitrogen fixation |
| Requires atmospheric oxygen to grow | Obligate aerobe |
| Requires atmospheric oxygen, but in lower than normal concentrations | Microaerophile |
| Does not use oxygen, but grows readily in its presence | Aerotolerant anaerobe |
| Does not use oxygen and usually finds it toxic | Obligate anaerobe |
| Important source of energy, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur requirements in complex media | Peptones |
| A complex polysaccharide derived from marine seaweed. | Agar |
| Breaks down hydrogen peroxide without generation of oxygen | Perioxidase |
| Formed in cytoplasm by ionizing radition | Hydroxyl radical |
| An enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide into oxygen an water | catalase |
| The toxic form of oxygen neutralized by superoxide dismutase | Superoxide radicals |
| A component added to some culture media that makes the Petri plate into a self-contained anaerobic chamber | Oxyrase |
| Synonym for superoxide anions | Superoxide |
| Isolation method for getting pure cultures; uses an innoculating loop to trace a pattern of inoculumn on a solid medium | Streak Plate |
| Colonies grow on agar surface for identification | Spread Plate |
| Used to increase the number of small minority of microorganisms in a mixed culture to arrive at a detectable level of microorganisms | Enrichment culture |
| Preservation method that uses quick- freezing and a high vacuum | Deep-freezing |
| Accumulations of microbes large enough to see without a microscope | Colonies |
| Microbes added to initiate growth | Inoculum |
| This makes it easier to distinguish colonies of the desired organism from other colonies growing on the same plate. | Differential media |
| These are designed to supress the growth of unwanted bacteria and encourage the growth of the desired microorganisms. | Selective media |
| Usual laboratory designation for safe handling of tuberculosis bacteria | BSL-3 |
| Laboratory designation for the most dangerous microorganisms, personal wear "space suits" | BSL-4 |
| A routine microbiology teaching laboratory would be designated as this | BSL-1 |
| New cell numbers balance by death or cells | Stationary Phase |
| No cell division, but intense metabolic activity | Lag Phase |
| A logarithmic plot of the population produces an ascending straight line | Log Phase |
| Used to grow obligate anaerobes | Reducing media |
| Designed to supress the growth of unwanted bacteria and to encourage growth of desired microbes | Selective media |
| Generally contain ingrediants such as sodium thioglycolate that chemically combine with dissolved oxygen | Reducing media |
| Nutrients are digests or extracts; axact chemical composition varies slight from batch to batch. | Complex media |
| A few bacteria and the photosynthesizing ___ are able to use gaseous nitrogen directly from the atmosphere | cyanbacteria |
| Osmotic effects are roughly related to the ___ of molecules in a given volume of solution | number |
| A complex medium in liquid form called nutrient ___ | broth |
| For preservation by ___, a pure culture of microbes is placed in a suspending liquid and quick-frozen at -50 to -95 C | Deep-Freezing |
| Bacteria usually reproduce by ___ ___ | binary fission |
| Turbidity is recorded in a spectrohotometer as ____ | absorbancy |
| The growth of filamentous organisms such as fungi is often best recorded by means of ___ ___ | dry weight |
| ___ anaerobes grow more efficiently aerobically than they do anaerobically. | Faculative |
| ___ halophiles do not require high salt concentrations, but they are able to grow at salt concentrations that may inhibit the growth of many other bacteria | Faculative |
| Examples of buffers are ___ ___,___ and ___ ___ | phosphate salts---peptones--- amino acids |
| Any nutrient material prepared for the growth of bacteria in a laboratory is called a ___ ___ | culture media |
| Agar melts at about the boiling point of water but remains liquid until the temperature drops to about __C | 40 C |
| Dilutions of a bacteria mixture are poured into a Petri dish and mixed with melted agar. This plate-counting method is called the ___ ___ ___ | pure plate method |
| Partially digested protein products used in complex media are called ___ | Peptone |
| To grow obligate intracellular parasites such as rickettsias and chlamydias, it is usually necessary to provide ___ ___ ___ | living host cells |
| The general term for tests that estimate microbial growth by the time required for them to deplete oxygen in the medium is ___ tests. | reduction |
| The ___ growth temperature is that at which the organism grows best | optimum |
| When a single colony arises from a clump of bacteria, it is recorded as an ___ ___ ___ | colony forming unit |
| The term trace elements refers to: | small mineral requirements |
| What temperature would most likely kill a mesophile? | 60C |
| What are characteristics of a biolfilm? | ---antibiotic resistant ---hydrogel ---quorum sensing |
| What type of medium would not be used to culture aerobes? | reducing media |
| An organism that peroxidase and superoxide dismutase but lacks catalase is most likely an: | aerotolerant anaerobes |
| A suffix meaning to kill | -cide |
| Destroying or removing all forms of microbial life | Sterilization |
| The absence of pathogens on an object or area | Asepsis |
| The reduction of microbial population to safe public health levels | Sanitization |
| The removal of transient microbes from skin by mechanical cleaning or by antiseptic. | Degerming |
| Heat sufficiant only to kill endospores of the botulism bacterium | Commercial Sterilization |
| A suffix used fro the inhibition of growth anf multiplication of bacteria | -stat |
| The chemical disinfection of living tissue | antisepsis |
| The destruction of vegetative pathogens on a surface, usually with chemicals | disinfection |
| The lowest temerpature required to kill a liquid culture of a certain species of bacteria in 10 minutes | Thermal death point |
| The time in minutes required to kill 90% of a bacterial population | Decimal reduction time |
| Mild heating to destory particular spoilage organisms or disease organisms in milk or similar products | Pasteuriztion |
| A test for the effectiveness of a chemical disinfectant | Phenol coefficient |
| The absence of water, resulting in a condition of dryness | Desiccation |
| The length of time required to kill all bacteria in a liquid culture at a given temperature | Thermal Death Time |
| Ethylene oxide | Gaseous chemosterillizer |
| Sodium hypochlorite | Halogen |
| Copper Sulfate | Heavy Metal |
| Silver Nitrate | Heavy Metal |
| Benzalonium chloride | Quanternary ammonium compound |
| Acid-anionic detergents | Surface- active agents |
| Sorbic acid | Organic Acid |
| Benzoyl peroxide | Oxidizing agent |
| Hexachlorophene | Bisphenol |
| Isopropanol | Alcohol |
| An effective liquid sporicide | Parecetic acid |
| A bacteriocin classified as an antibiotic | Nisin |
| Pimaricin | Natamyclin |
| A biguanphenol found in many household products | Triclosan |
| An antibiotic antifungal | Natamycin |
| Added to chlorine to form chloramines | Ammonia |
| An antibacterial effect of ultraviolet radiation on DNA | Thymine dimmer |
| Formaldehyde in an aqueous solution | Formalin |
| An example would be iodine in an aqeous-alcohol solution | Tincture |
| For example, povidone-iodine solution | Iodophore |
| Chlorine in a tablet form issued as a water purifier by the US military | Sodium dichloroisocyanurate |
| Name of a test that determines if milk has been properly pasteurized. | Phosphate |
| Used as an antiseptic in certain mouthwashes | Zinc chloride |
| Used in many water treatment plants as a disinfectant; produced by electrical discharges at the site | Ozone |
| Antifungal organic compound used for food | Sodium benzoate |
| Ingredient in antidanddruff shampoo | Zinc pyrithione |
| Ultraviolet light is an example of ___ radiation | nonionizing |
| Sunlight owes it biocidal activity mainly to the formation of ___ oxygen. | singlet |
| A good example of ionizing radiation is___, ___, ___ | x-rays---gamma rays--- electron beams |
| Ethanol is usually used in a concentration of about ___% | 70% |
| A less irritating form of formaldehyde is ____ | Glutaldehyde |
| A compound that would only inhibit the growth of a fungus would be a fungi-___. | stat |
| Steam ___ ___ allows temperatures above boiling to be reached | under pressure |
| Steam under pressure is obtained in retorts, pressure cookers, and ___. | autoclaves |
| Supercritical ___ is used for decontaminating foods and medical implants | carbon dioxide |
| Generally speaking, the group of organisms that is more resistant to osmotic pressure than bacteria is ___ | fungi |
| What process does not kills endospores? | pasteurization |
| What is the most effective for sterilizing mattresses and plastic petri dishes? | ethylene oxide |
| What disinfectants act by disrupting the plasma membrane? | ---Phenolics---Phenol---Quaternary Ammonium comound---biguandines |
| What can be used to sterilize a heat-labile solution stored in a plastic container | D Gamma radiation---ethylene oxide---nonionzing radiation---short wavelenght radiation |
| What are characteristics of quaternary ammonium compounds? | B bacterial against gram-positive bacteria---amoebicidal-fungicidal---kills enveloped viruses |
| What is used to control microbial growth in foods? | organic acids |
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