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Chpt_10_DNA_RNA
Vocabulary from Chapter 10 of Holt Modern Biology - DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthe
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Virulent | A strain of bacteria that causes disease |
| Transformation | The transfer of genetic material from one cell to another cell or from one organism to another organism |
| Bacteriophages | Viruses that infect bacteria |
| Nucleotide | Repeating subunits that make up a nucleic acid |
| Deoxyribose | A five carbon sugar found in DNA |
| Nitrogenous base | A subunit of DNA that contains nitrogen and carbon atoms and is a base |
| Base-pairing rules | In DNA, cytosine on one strand pairs with guanine on the other and adenine pairs with thymine |
| Complementary base pairs | Pairs of base pairs that contain one pyramidine and one purine (thymine pairs with adenine, cytosine pairs with guanine) |
| Base sequence | The order of nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA |
| DNA replication | The process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by mitosis, meiosis, or binary fission |
| Helicase | An enzyme that separates the two nucleotide strands of DNA during DNA replication |
| Replication fork | The Y shaped region that results when the two strands separate |
| DNA polymerases | An enzyme that adds complementary nucleotides during DNA replication |
| Semi-conservative replication | Replication that results in one kept (conserved) strand and one new (semi) strand |
| Mutation | A change in the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule |
| Ribonucleic acid | A nucleic acid that serves as an intermediary in protein synthesis |
| Transcription | The process where DNA acts as a template for the synthesis of RNA |
| Translation | The process in which RNA directs the assembly of proteins |
| Protein synthesis | Forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA |
| Ribose | A five-carbon sugar found in RNA |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | A single-stranded RNA molecule that carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein |
| Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | RNA which makes up part of the structure of ribosomes |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) | RNA which transfers amino acids to ribosomes to make a protein |
| Promotor | A specific nucleotide sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription |
| Termination signal | A specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene |
| Genetic code | The term for the rules that relate how a sequence of nitrogenous bases in nucleotides corresponds to a particular amino acid |
| Codon | A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start or stop signal |
| Anticodon | Three nucleotides on a tRNA that are complementary to the sequence of a codon in mRNA |
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