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Anatomy - Blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| blood is the only _______ tissue in the body. | liquid |
| What fluid makes up blood? | plasma |
| What solids make up blood? | erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets |
| What are erythrocytes? | red blood cells |
| What are leukocytes? | white blood cells |
| What percent of plasma is blood? | 55% |
| What percent of cells is in blood? | 45% |
| what percent of cells is the buffy coat? | 1% |
| What is the buffy coat? | it is the part of blood made up of leukocytes and platelets |
| How many gallons of blood are there in the body? | 5 gallons |
| Do men or women have slightly more blood? | men |
| Why is blood red? | due to hemoglobin |
| Blood is ___ _____ than water | more viscous (thicker) |
| What is bloods pH? | it is tightly regulated between 7.35-7.45 |
| What is the blood's temperature? | 100.4 |
| Why is the temperature of blood higher than body temperature? | because it transports body heat this way |
| What is the texture of blood? | it's sticky |
| How does blood taste? | metallic |
| Why does blood taste metallic? | because of the iron |
| What are the 3 functions of blood? | transports, regulates, protects |
| What does the body transport and where does it go? | oxygen, wastes, nutrients, hormones; distributes to different parts of the body |
| What does the body regulate? | pH, body heat, blood volume |
| By regulating the blood volume, you are also regulating...? | all of the fluid volumes in the body |
| How does the blood protect you? | it protects against blood loss by clotting and through defense mechanisms by leukocytes |
| What percent of plasma is water? | 91% |
| What percent of plasma is protein? | 8% |
| What percent of plasma is "other"? | 1% |
| What are the proteins that make up blood plasma? | enzymes & secretions of the cell |
| What makes up the "other" of the plasma? | oxygen, co2, waste, hormones, nutrients |
| What part of plasma always changes? | the "other" part |
| What do erythrocytes do? | transport regulatory gases |
| What are 2 regulatory gases? | CO2 and oxygen |
| How many RBC's per milliliter? | 4.5-5.5 million |
| What does a red blood cell look like? | biconcave disc |
| how big is a red blood cell? | 7 micron |
| what is a primary component of the red cell? | hemoglobin |
| What is hemoglobin made up of? | heme group and globin |
| what does the heme group contain? | iron |
| what does globin contain? | protein & amino acid chains |
| How many heme groups are in 1 molecule of hemoglobin? | 4 |
| Hemoglobin + oxygen = | oxyhemoglobin |
| What part of hemoglobin does the oxygen bind to? | the heme group |
| the heme group can carry how many oxygen molecules? | 4 |
| How is oxyhemoglobin reversable? | it will work both ways through the concentration gradient |
| What is CO2 + hemoglobin? | carbaminohemoglobin |
| What does carbaminohemoglobin bind with? | globin |
| how many molecules of CO2 can globin carry? | 1 |
| Is carbamiinohemoglobin reversable or irreversable? | reversable |
| CO + hemoglobin | carboxyhemoglobin |
| is carboxyhemoglobin reversable or irreversable? | irreversable |
| what will happen when carboxyhemoglobin binds with heme? | it will not come off and you will not be able to recieve oxygen |
| How many can bind to a globin or a heme at a time? | 1 |
| what is hemopoiesis? | the making of blood |
| What is the common stem cell that all blood originates from? | hemocytoblast |
| Where are hemocytoblasts found? | in bone marrow |
| As the hemocytoblast moves toward completion, what is increased? (2) | ribosome # and hemoglobin |
| In a normoblast what is shed? | cell nucleus |
| What creates the biconcave disc of an erythrocyte? | the shedding of the nucleus |
| What is the trigger for the making of red blood cells? | low oxygen content in the blood |
| What hormone senses the oxygen levels that will affect the making of red blood cells? | Erythropoeitin |
| Where is the hormone Erythropoeitin and how does it work? | in the kidney and it detects the oxygen levels while the blood is filtered |
| The target cells for Erythropoeitin are? | hemocytoblasts |
| What is the making of red blood cells called? | Erythropoeisis |
| What is the lifespan of an erythrocyte? | 220 days |
| What kind of cells go to the spleen? | old and worn out ones |
| The spleen has a high amount of... | macrophages |
| What are macrophages? | phagocytes that engulf fragments of red blood cells and recycle materials |
| What is recycled from red blood cells? | iron and amino acids |
| Without the recycling in the spleen you would lose too much..? | iron |
| After the red blood cells are recycled in the spleen, iron gets transferred to the liver by what? | transferrin |
| Iron is stored in the liver by what? | ferrin |
| what is responsible for the color of the liver? | Ferrin |
| Some of the ferrin in the liver is used to make? | Bilirubin |
| What is bilirubin? | the pigment of bile |
| if bilirubin does not break down what will happen? | you will be jaundice |
| Bilirubin is also responsible for the color of? | stool |
| What is the definition of anemia? | deficiency of oxygen due to a lack of red blood cells |
| What is aplastic anemia? | cancer of the stem cell leading to rapid death due to clotting or infection |
| What can cause the lack of red blood cells? (3) | excessive bleeding from surgery/injury, bursting cells, diet deficiency |
| How can cells burst? | they can burst from certain chemicals |
| In the diet deficiency there is not enough.. | hemoglobin |
| What are 2 types of diet deficiency? | iron deficiency and pericous anemia |
| Iron helps put what together? | hemoglobin |
| Iron deficiency is common in..? | puberty and 3rd world countries |
| What is pericous anemia? | When the person lacks the intrinsic factor, which allows for absorption of vitamin B12 which is needed for hemoglobin production |
| in pericous anemia, how will the person get Vitamin B12? | through injections into the blood stream |
| What is sickle cell anemia? | anemia where the blood cell is sickle shaped |
| Why is sickle cell anemia common among blacks? | many people with SS blood died of Malaria, those with ss died of sickle cell, and Ss lived, so there was a passing of the recessive gene |
| What is thalassemia? | it effects people in mediterranean area; there is a loss in the whole part of amino acid chain. |
| What may be very painful and difficult for people with thalessemia? | exercise |
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