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science rocks minerl
rocks minerals atoms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Geology | Modern Geology is said to have begun in 1795. James Hutton |
| Uniformitarianism | “The present is the key to the past” The geologic processes now at work were also active in the past. And the present physical features of Earth were formed by these same processes at work over long periods of time. |
| Rock | A group of minerals bound together in some way. Atoms, molecules, elements, minerals , rocks. |
| 3 classifications of Rocks. | Igneous , Sedimentary , and Metamorphic. All Classified by origin and composition. Where they are formed and what materials make them up. |
| Igneous | Rocks are formed by the cooling and hardening of hot molten rock from inside Earth. This hot molten rock is called Magma. |
| Sedimentary | Rocks formed by the hardening and cementing of layers of sediments. Come from other rocks. |
| Metamorphic | Are rocks that under go a change due to heat and pressure under ground. |
| Formation | Igneous rock either forms at or near the earth’s surface or deep within the earth’s crust. |
| Plutonic Rocks | Or intrusive Igneous rocks. Form underground from cooling magma. These rocks are seen at the surface only when the over lying rocks have been worn away. |
| Volcanic Igneous Rocks | Plutonic rocks develop larger crystal structure because of their slow cooling rate. Or extrusive Rocks that form at or near the surface Have a very fast cooling rate. Crystal structure is very hard to see. |
| Magma | Molten rock under ground. |
| Lava | Molten rock at the earth’s surface. |
| Two types: | Liquid rock that is thick and slow flowing very high in the mineral SILICA are called Felsic rocks. This type forms rocks like Obsidian at the surface or Granite under the surface. Formas light colored rocks. Silica is the key ingredient |
| Types of textures | Smooth grained texture: has no visible crystals. Course Grained texture: Has visible crystal. Glassy Texture. Has the appearance of glass. Porferitic texture. Has two distinct crystal sizes. Due to two cooling rates. |
| Note | When rock is in the liquid state, its atoms are free to move around and arrange into crystals. The longer the magma stays liquid the larger the crystals. Magma has dissolved gas and the more gas dissolved in the magma the larger the crystals grow. |
| Granite | Course grained Igneous rock. Common rock in the rocky mtns. Several types according to mineral content. Visible crystals Composed of light colored minerals, quartz , feldspar and some hornblende. |
| Basalt | Most common igneous rock.Forms at or near the surface by cooling lava and magma. Cools very quickly No visible crystals. Fine grained rock. Often has vesicles. Holes or voids in the rock where volcanic gasses were trapped by the solidifying material. |
| Rhyolite | Composed of the same light colored minerals as in granite. Cools at or near the surface very quickly. Is fine-grained. |
| Obsidian | Dark colored igneous rock however, has a composition similar to Granite. Cools very quickly at the surface. Glassy texture. Had many uses for Native Americans due to its unique way of breaking. |
| Sedimentary Rocks | Rocks made of other rocks. Three types. Clastic, Organic and Chemical. Although most of the Earth’s crust is made of igneous rock, most of its surface is covered by sedimentary rocks. |
| Clastic sed. Rocks | Clasts are fragments of other rocks that range in size from boulders to silt and clay particles. |
| Examples | When clasts get stuck together by natural cements like silica or calcite they form clastic sedimentary rocks. Shale, sandstone and conglomerate. |
| Chemical Sed. Rocks | Sedimentary rocks are formed from mineral grains that fall out of a solution by evaporation or by chemical action. Rock salt and limestone are examples of chemical sedimentary rocks. |
| Organic Sedimentary Rocks | Sedimentary Rocks are formed from the remains of plants and animals. Coal and limestone made of shell fragments are also examples. |
| Formation | All of the metamorphic rock are rocks that undergo some type of change due to intense heat and pressure. The type of pressure needed to change a rock’s structure can only be achieved at great depths in the earth’s crust. |
| Two types. | Regional and Contact Metamorphism |
| Regional | Occurs when large areas of rock are under intense heat and pressure. Pressure squeezes their grains closer together. The squeezing makes them more dense and less porous. |
| Contact Metamorphism. | The heat and chemicals may rearrange the particles. Making lines and bands in the rocks. This process occurs when hot magma forces its way into overlying rock. The heat of the magma bakes the rocks that are in contact with it. |
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charger57
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