those that break down organic molecules for energy

those that build up organic molecules to store energy for later use.

uses molecular oxygen (O2) as the final electron acceptor in the reaction pathway.

a chemical pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy in a quickly usable form (ATP).

do not use oxygen as they perform respiration; these include anaerobic respiration and fermentation.

is the first stage of aerobic respiration, but it is also a part of all other known cellular respiration pathways.

The formation of acetyl CoA

involves the conversion of each pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, releasing one CO2 for each pyruvate reactant.

The citric acid cycle

oxidizes the remaining carbon atoms of each acetyl-CoA to CO2

electron transport chain

is a series of membrane complexes that transfers energy-rich electrons from one complex to another in a chain.

Anaerobic respiration

a pathway present in some prokaryotes, is remarkably similar to aerobic respiration. In this pathway, all stages of aerobic respiration are present; however, in the final stage (oxidative phosphorylation), an inorganic compound such as nitrate or sulfate

the reactions of glycolysis still occur, making 2 ATPs by substrate-level phosphorylation.

light energy is converted into an organic molecule form such as glucose. These organic molecules can then be stored as food to be broken down by cellular respiration when energy is needed.

light-dependent reactions

occur within the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts

carbon fixation reactions(Calvin cycle)

use the energy in ATP and NADPH to synthesize glucose. The Calvin cycle begins withthe uptake of 6 CO2 molecules for each glucose to be made

sometimes reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.

incorporates CO2 into ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). The resulting organic molecules are then converted into glucose and/or used to regenerate the starting molecule RuBP for re-use in continuing cycles.

transmembrane enzyme called ATP

synthase couples the energy provided by the movement of these protons down their electrochemical gradient to synthesize ATP. This is how the majority of ATP molecules are made during aerobic respiration.

photosynthetic pathways

light-dependent reactions and the carbon fixation reactions.

Plants, algae, and some kinds of bacteria

are capable of performing photosynthesis. In eukaryotic cells, this process takes place entirely inside chloroplasts. The photosynthetic pathway can be divided into two stages: the light-dependent reactions and the carbon fixation reactions.

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Photosynthesis7

biology

Question	Answer
catabolic pathways -	those that break down organic molecules for energy
anabolic pathways -	those that build up organic molecules to store energy for later use.
Aerobic respiration	uses molecular oxygen (O2) as the final electron acceptor in the reaction pathway.
cellular respiration	a chemical pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy in a quickly usable form (ATP).
Anaerobic pathways	do not use oxygen as they perform respiration; these include anaerobic respiration and fermentation.
Glycolysis	is the first stage of aerobic respiration, but it is also a part of all other known cellular respiration pathways.
The formation of acetyl CoA	involves the conversion of each pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, releasing one CO2 for each pyruvate reactant.
The citric acid cycle	oxidizes the remaining carbon atoms of each acetyl-CoA to CO2
electron transport chain	is a series of membrane complexes that transfers energy-rich electrons from one complex to another in a chain.
Anaerobic respiration	a pathway present in some prokaryotes, is remarkably similar to aerobic respiration. In this pathway, all stages of aerobic respiration are present; however, in the final stage (oxidative phosphorylation), an inorganic compound such as nitrate or sulfate
fermentation	the reactions of glycolysis still occur, making 2 ATPs by substrate-level phosphorylation.
photosynthesis	light energy is converted into an organic molecule form such as glucose. These organic molecules can then be stored as food to be broken down by cellular respiration when energy is needed.
light-dependent reactions	occur within the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts
carbon fixation reactions(Calvin cycle)	use the energy in ATP and NADPH to synthesize glucose. The Calvin cycle begins withthe uptake of 6 CO2 molecules for each glucose to be made
photorespiration	sometimes reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.
rubisco	incorporates CO2 into ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). The resulting organic molecules are then converted into glucose and/or used to regenerate the starting molecule RuBP for re-use in continuing cycles.
transmembrane enzyme called ATP	synthase couples the energy provided by the movement of these protons down their electrochemical gradient to synthesize ATP. This is how the majority of ATP molecules are made during aerobic respiration.
photosynthetic pathways	light-dependent reactions and the carbon fixation reactions.
Plants, algae, and some kinds of bacteria	are capable of performing photosynthesis. In eukaryotic cells, this process takes place entirely inside chloroplasts. The photosynthetic pathway can be divided into two stages: the light-dependent reactions and the carbon fixation reactions.

Created by: ericreyes

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