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Stack 7
Nurs 232 Pain Management
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Pain | an unpleaseant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage |
| What type of experience is pain | a physical and emotional one |
| When dealing with a client what is pain? | pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does |
| What does persistent pain contribute to? | insomnia, weight gain, constipation, hypertension, deconditioning, chronic stress, and depression |
| How is severe pain viewed? | as an emergency situation deserving attention and prompt professional care. |
| Pain may be described in terms of? | location, duration, intensity, and etiology |
| What is referred pain? | pain that appears to arise in different areas |
| What does it mean for pain to radiate? | Spread or extend |
| What is visceral pain? | pain arising from organs or hollow viscera |
| Acute pain | pain that lasts only through the expected recovery period; whether it has a sudden or slow onset and regardless of the intensity. |
| Cancer pain is? | pain associated with the disease, treatment, or some other factor in individuals with cancer |
| Chronic pain is? | pain that persists beyond 6 months secondary to chronic disorders or nerve malfunctions that produce ongoing pain after healing is complete. |
| Intractable pain is? | A pain state, generally severe, for which there is no cure possible after accepted medical evaluation and treatments have been implemented. |
| Neuropathic pain is? | pain that is related to damaged or malfunctioning nervous tissue in the peripheral and/or central nervous system. |
| Nociceptive pain? | Pain that is directly related to tissue damage. May be somatic (e.g. damage to skin, muscle, or bone) or visceral (e.g. damage to organs). |
| Pain threshold is? | The process of recognizing, defining, and responding to pain |
| Pain Tolerance is? | the most pain an individual is willing or able to tolerate before taking evasive actions |
| This type of pain has a sympathetic nervous system response | Acute pain |
| This type of pain has a parasympathetic nervous system response | Chronic pain |
| When a patient has chronic pain how do their vital signs present? | They present as normal |
| What happens to a patients VS when they present with acute pain | Increased Pulse, Increased respiratory rate, elevated BP,Diaphoresis, Dilated pupils |
| dysethesia is? | an unpleasant abnormal sensation; it mimics or imitates the pathology of a central neurophathic pain disorder. |
| Nociception is | the physiologic processes related to pain perception |
| What are nociceptors? | pain receptors |
| How can nociceptors be excited? | by mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimuli |
| How do pain medications work during the transduction phase? | They block the production of prostaglandins or decrease the movement of ions across the cell membrane. |
| What are the 4 process of Nociception? | Transduction Transmission Perception Modulation |
| When does the process of perception begin? | When the client becomes conscious of the pain |
| African Americans response to pain | some believe pain and suffering is a part of life and is to be endured may deny or avoid dealing witht he pain till it becomes unbearable |
| Mexican Americans response to pain | may view pain as a part of life and as an indicator of the seriousness of an illness some believe that enduring pain is a sign of strength |
| Puerto Ricans response to pain | May tend to be loud and outspoken in their expression of pain. This is socially learned way to cope |
| Asian Americans | Chinese value silence; As a result some clients may be quiet when in pain to avoid dishonor to themselves and their family Japanese may have a minimal verbal and nonverbal response |
| Native Americans response to pain | Wuiet less expressive verbally and nonverbally and may tolerate a high level of pain |
| Some of these cultures may view self-infliction of pain as a sign of mourning or grief | African and Middle Eastern |
| _______________ observation is recommend for pain assessment in infants | Behavorial |
| Can environment compound pain? | Yes; a lonely person who is without a support network may perceive pain as severe |
| Previous pain experiences __________ a client's ___________ to pain | alter; sensitivity |
| Chronic pain affects the _________, __________, __________, and __________ | mind, body, spirit and social relationships |
| The Wong Baker FACES rating Scale rates pain by? | a set of faces that start a 0 and go to 5 |
| COLDERR | Character Onset Location Duration Exacerbation Relief Radiation |
| Pain Management | the alleviation of pain or reduction in pain to a level of comfort that is acceptable to the client |
| Preemptive analgesia | The administration of analgesics pros to an invasive or operative procedure in order to treat pain before it occurs |
| An almost universal adverse effect of opioid use is? | Constipation |
| When starting opioid therapy when s it critical to assess sedation and respiratory status? | during the first 12 to 24 hours; the most critical period is during the peak effect of the first dose (15min if IV, first hour if IM, oral or recral route) |
| What is PCA? | Patient controlled analgesia; an interactive method of pain management that permits clients to treat their pain by self-administering doses of analgesics. |
| What does the PCA mode of therapy minimize? | the roller coaster effect of peaks of sedation and valleys of pain that occur with PRN dosages. |
| What are the 4 therapeutic actions of Salicylates/ASA (aspirin) | Reduce Fever, Decrease pain, Platelets deaggrivator, reduce inflammation |
| What is a problematic side effect of ASA? | Ulcers |
| What are the therapeutic actions of Ibuprofen | decrease pain fever inflammation |
| Problematic side effect of ibuprofen? | GI bleeding |
| Therapeutic actions of Acetominophen (tylenol) | decrease pain and fever |
| Acetaminophen should be used cautiously with which class of patients? | that have known liver disease or @ risk for liver disease |
| What is the daily maximum dose for Acetaminophen | 4g or 4000mg max for adults older adults 2g or 2000mg |
| What does it mean to be opioid-naive | you do not know how the opioid will affect you |
| Stong or "mu" opioids are? | Fentanyl Hydromorphone (dilaudid) Morphine |
| Weak "mixed" opioids | Hydrocodone (lortab, vicodin) Codeine (T3, emprin 3) Tramadol (ultram) |
| Co-analgesics (adjuvants): | Tricyclic antidepressants (Elavil) Anticonvulsants (Neurontin) |
| What are the common side effects of opioid use? | Constipation, Nausea, vomitting, sedation, respiratory depression, pruritis, urinary retention |
| What is tolerance | to produce the same effect you may need to give more narcotics over time. upside side effects are lessened except for constipation. |
| Physical dependance is | grown accustomed to getting a narcotic |
| Withdrawl | increased heart rate diaphoresis irritability |
| What is addiction | 4c's continued use despite the harm; a disease in and of itself. true risk of addiction is around 5%. |
| What route for medication is preferred as easiest, safest, and often least expensive, and best tolerated | Oral |
| When is the IV route for medication preferred? | for severe pain |
Created by:
EL92578
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