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(TAMUCC) Psych Ch.6
Psychology Terms (Ch.6)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a relatively permanent change in behavior, thoughts, or feelings that results from experience | learning |
| process by which we progressively decrease our response to stimuli with repeated exposure | habituation |
| complex set of preprogrammed responses; suggests response has some evolutionary value | instincts |
| preprogrammed response in which newly hatched chicks attach themselves to the first moving object near them | imprinting |
| a neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a new response through conditioning (buzzer) | conditioned stimulus (CS) |
| a stimulus that reliably elicits a response (meat powder) | unconditioned stimulus (UCS) |
| the response elicited by the UCS. (Salivation to meat powder) | unconditioned response (UR) |
| the response that the CS elicits AFTER conditioning. (Salivation to the buzzer alone after conditioning). | conditioned response (CR) |
| conditioned | learned |
| response | behavior |
| stimulus | part of the environment |
| the learning phase where the CS is paired with the UCS | acquisition |
| the unlearning phase where the CS is presented alone resulting in decreases of the CR | extinction |
| after extinction, the CR may quickly reappear when the CS is paired with the UCS once again | spontaneous recovery |
| stimuli that are similar to the CS will also elicit the CR | stimulus generalization |
| is critical for emotional conditioning | amygdala (central nucleus) |
| anything that increases behavior | reinforcement |
| anything that decreases behavior | punishment |
| a response that has some effect on the world | operant |
| a reward | positive reinforcer |
| an unpleasant stimulus that we wish to avoid or escape | negative reinforcer |
| introduction of an unpleasant stimulus (positive punishment) or removal of pleasant stimulus in an attempt to change behavior (negative punishment) | punishment |
| when a person is punished regardless of what they do, the individual may come to believe that there is no reason to do anything anymore; is linked to depression | learned helplessness |
| the longer the delay between the response and reinforcer, the weaker the operant conditioning | gradient of reinforcement |
| circumstances when external rewards can undermine the intrinsic satisfaction of performing a behavior | over justification effect |
| rewarding successive approximations to the desired behavior; used in animal training | shaping |
| learning that takes place largely independent of awareness of both the process and the products of information acquisition | implicit learning |
Created by:
lmarbach
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