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Nurs 228
Heart Neck
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| S1 is the? | closure of Mitral & Tricuspid valves (lub) |
| S2 is the? | is closure of the Aortic and Pulmonic valves-(dubb) |
| Where is S1 best heard when auscultating? | Best heard over the apex-left MCL, fifth ICS |
| Where is S2 best heard when auscultating? | Best heard at the base of the heart |
| What is the blood L/min for cardiac output | 5-6L/min |
| What are some S/S that could indicate a heart attack | edema in feet, cyanosis, sweating, long term clubbing, Chronic COPD, all things that could suggest the risk of heart of attack. |
| what effect does nicotine have on the arteries? | it constricts the arteries |
| How is the strength of the pulse evaluated? | On the pulse amplitude scale |
| What does a strength of 0 on the Pulse amplitude scale indicate | Absent pulse |
| What does a strength of 1+ on the Pulse amplitude scale indicate | weak pulse |
| What does a strength of 2+ on the Pulse amplitude scale indicate | normal pulse |
| What does a strength of 3+ on the Pulse amplitude scale indicate | Increased or Full |
| What does a strength of 4+ on the Pulse amplitude scale indicate | Bounding pulse |
| How do you assess apical pulse | By auscultation or palpation |
| Where do you auscultate to hear the aortic valve | 2nd intercostal space right sternal border |
| Where do you auscultate to hear the Pulmonic valve | 2nd intercostal space left sternal border |
| Where is Erb's point located? | 3rd intercostal space Left sternal border |
| Where do you auscultate to hear the Tricuspid | 4th intercostal space left sternal border |
| Where do you auscultate to hear the mitral valve/apical pulse | 5th intercostal space left mid clavicular line |
| Normal rate = | 60-100 beats/min- adults |
| Tachycardia is? | heart rate greater than 100 beats/ min |
| Bradycardia is | heart rate less than 60 beats/ min- can be normal with athletes |
| what is a Pulse check? | checking pulse from artery |
| What ethnic or cultural groups have a high risk for heart attacks? | African American, Mexican American, American Indian, native hawaiian, Asian American. |
| True or false males over the age of 45 are at risk for heart attacks | True |
| what is the the age that puts women at risk for heart attacks? | 55 and over |
| Where do most heart attacks present in women? | in the right coronary artery. |
| True or false most heart attacks in women are fatal? | True |
| How many heart attacks occur per year in the U.S. | 1.5 million |
| Is Sudden death from a heart attack more common for men or women | women |
| Classic symptoms of a heart attack are? | Chest pain Pressure, heaviness or tightness in the chest Pain/pressure in the neck or jaw Pain/pressure in one or both arms (especially the left) SOB Sweating Nausea Pain/throbbing between the shoulder blades |
| the hear has how many chambers? | 4 |
| What are the large veins and arteries leading directly to and away from the chart referred to as? | great vessels |
| What do the superior and inferior vena cava do? | return blood to the R atrium from the upper and lower torso respectively |
| Name the upper chambers of the heart | right and left atria |
| Name the lower chambers of the heart | right and left ventricles |
| Where are the Atrioventricular valves located? | at the entrance into the ventricles |
| Another name for the Right AV valve is? | tricuspid valve |
| Another name for the Left AV valve is? | mitral valve |
| What is the pericardium? | a tough inextensible, loose-fitting, fiberous sac that attaches to the greg vessels and thereby surrounds the heart. |
| What are the phases to the cardiac cycle? | diastole and systole |
| What occurs during diastole | relaxation of the ventricles, known as filling |
| What occurs during systole | contraction of the ventricles, known as emptying |
| What is the P wave | Atrial depolarization: conduction of the impulse throughout the atria |
| What is The QRS complex | Ventricular depolarization also atrial repolarization; conduction of the impulse throughout the ventricles which then trigger contraction of the ventricles measured from beginning of the Q wave to the end of the S wave |
| What are the conditions that contribute to turbulent blood flow | 1. increased blood velocity 2. structural valve defects 3. valve malfunction 4. abnormal chamber openings (eg septal defect) |
| How many sets of jugular veins are there? | two; internal and external |
| What raises jugular venous pressure? | Right-sided heart failure; raises pressure and volume |
| What is important in determine the hemodynamics of the right side of the heart? | jugular venous pulse |
| What is Angina? | cardiac chest pain |
| Where can angina radiate to? | it may radiate to the left shoulder and down the left arm or to the jaw. |
| what are diaphoresis and pain worsened by activity usually related to? | Angina |
| Compromised cardiac output may result from? | fatigue |
| When is fatigue related to decreased cardiac output worse? | in the evening or as the day progresses |
| Can genetic predisposition to risk factors increases a client' chance of developing heart Dz | Yes; history of hypertension, MI, CHD, elevated cholesterol levels of DM can all be predisposing factors. |
| Is the use of alcohol linked to hypertension. | Yes if it is excessive; more than 2 drinks per day in men and one per day in women. |
| when observing the patients jugular vein pulse what position should the patient be in? | supine position with the torso elevated 30 to 45 degrees. |
| what may jugular vein distention, bulging, or protrusion @ 45, 60, or 90 degrees indicate? | right sided heart failure |
| What is a bruit? | a blowing or swishing sound caused by turbulent blood flow through a narrowed vessel. can be heard through auscultation |
| What a bruit indicative of? | occlusive arterial disease |
| Weak pulses may indicate? | hypovolemia, shock, decreased cardiac output. |
| A bounding or full pulse may indicate? | hypervolemia, or increased cardiac output. |
| What should the radial and apical pulse rates be? | Identical |
| what causes the apical impulse to be difficult to palate in older clients | increased anteroposterior chest diameter |
| What are the characteristics of small, weak pulses | diminished pulse pressure weak and small on palpation slow upstroke prolong systolic peak |
| Causes of a small, weak pulse are? | conditions causing a decreased stroke volume hypovolemia severe aortic stenosis conditions that cause increased peripheral resistance hypothermia severe congestive heart failure |
| Characteristics of a large bounding Pulse | Increased pulse pressure strong and bounding on palpation rapid rise and fall with a brief systolic peak |
| Causes of a large bounding pulse | Conditions that cause increased SV or decreased peripheral resistance Fever Anemia hyperthyroidism Aortic regurgitation Bradycardia Complete heart block Aging Atherosclerosis |
| Can a systolic murmur be present in a healthy heart? | Yes |
| What does a diastolic murmur always indicate? | Heart Dz |
| The three categories of Diastolic murmurs are? | early, mid, and late diastolic |
| How are murmurs described? | By intensity on a scale from Grade 1 through Grade 6 |
| I don't want to type out all the grades please see | PAGE 376 . . ha |
Created by:
EL92578
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