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(TAMUCC) Psych Ch.5
Psychology Terms (Ch.5)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the process by which we transform what we perceive, think, or feel into an enduring memory | encoding |
| the process of maintaining information in memory over time | storage |
| the process of bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored | retrieval |
| the process of actively relating new information to knowledge that is already in memory | elaborative encoding |
| the process of storing new information by converting it into mental pictures | visual imagery encoding |
| the act of categorizing information by noticing the relationships among a series of items | organizational encoding |
| the process of maintaing information in memory over time | memory storage |
| the place in which sensory memory is kept for a few seconds or less | sensory memory store |
| a fast-decaying store of visual information | iconic memory |
| a fast-decaying store of auditory information | echoic memory |
| a place where non-sensory information is kept for more than a few seconds but less than a minute | short-term memory store |
| active maintenance of information in short term storage | working memory |
| the process of keeping information in short term memory by mentally repeating it | rehearsal |
| combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short-term memory | chunking |
| a place in which information can be kept for hours, days, weeks, or years (no known capacity limits) | long-term memory store |
| enhanced neural processing that results the strengthening of synaptic connections -can be induced rapidly -can last for a long time -located in hippocampus | long-term potentiation (LTP) |
| external information that is associated with stored information and helps bring it to mind | retrieval cue |
| the idea that a retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps recreate the specific way in which information was initially encoded | encoding specificity principle |
| the tendency for information to be better recalled when the person is in the same state during encoding and retrieval | state-dependent retrieval |
| the idea that memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when we process information in a way that is appropriate to the retrieval cues that will be available later | transfer-appropriate processing |
| the act of consciously or intentionally retrieving past experiences | explicit memory |
| the influence of past experiences on later behavior and performance, even though people are not trying to recollect them and are not aware that they are remembering them | implicit memory |
| an enhanced ability to think of a stimulus, such as word or object, as a result of a recent exposure to the stimulus | priming |
| the gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice, or knowing how to do things | procedural memory |
| a network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world | semantic memory |
| the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place | episodic memory |
| forgetting what occurs with the passage of time -occurs during the storage phase of memory -involves a gradual switch from specific to general memory | transience |
| situations in which later learning impairs memory for information acquired earlier | retroactive interference |
| situations in which earlier learning impairs memory for information acquired later | proactive interference |
| a lapse in attention that results in memory failure | absentmindedness |
| remembering to do things in the future | prospective memory |
| a failure to retrieve information that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce it | blocking |
| recall of when, where, and how information was acquired | source memory |
| assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source | memory misattribution |
| the tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal reflections | suggestibility |
| distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences | bias |
| the bias to reconstruct the past to fit the present | consistency bias |
| the tendency to exaggerate differences between what we feel or believe now and what we felt or believed in the past | change bias |
| the tendency to exaggerate the change between past and present in order to make ourselves look good in retrospect | egocentric bias |
| the intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget (often traumatic or disturbing) | persistence |
| detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events | flashbulb memories |
Created by:
lmarbach
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