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Hydrosphere Test
Hydrosphere Unit Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cohesion | water attracted to water |
| adhesion | water attracted to other materials |
| specific heat | water's capacity to absorb a lot of heat without raising its temperature |
| polarity | the positive/negative shape of a water molecule |
| surface tension | water's desire to form strong bonds at the surface |
| buoyancy | upward force that water creates on matter |
| capillary action | water's ability to climb and rise |
| density | the mass per unit volume of a substance |
| evaporation | process where liquid water becomes water vapor (gas) |
| condensation | process where water vapor, a gas, in the air turns into liquid water. Condensing water forms clouds |
| precipitation | process where water falls from clouds in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail |
| percolation | process where liquid water moves downward through pores in the ground because of gravity |
| runoff | precipitation that flows over the land getting to lakes, rivers, streams |
| transpiration | process where water within plants evaporate into the atmosphere |
| hydrosphere | all water on earth |
| lithosphere | rock layers of earth |
| atmosphere | all air (gas) layers |
| biosphere | all living things |
| What percent is fresh water? | 3% |
| What percent is saltwater | 97% |
| What percent of fresh water is frozen? | 68.7% |
| What percent of fresh water is groundwater? | 30.1% |
| What percent of fresh water is surface water? | .3% |
| What percent of fresh water is other? | .9% |
| What percent of surface water are lakes and streams? | 87% |
| What percent of surface water are swamps? | 11% |
| What percent of surface water are rivers? | 2% |
| What percent of water is unusable? | 99% |
| What percent of water is usable? | 1% |
| surface water | water on top of the surface |
| channel | path that water follows |
| tributary | a stream that flows into a larger body of water |
| river | a stream that becomes wider, deeper, and larger |
| watershed | also called a drainage basin; are of land that is drained by a water system |
| continental divide | runs through the Rocky Mountains that separates the flow of water in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean |
| divide | higher ground that separates watersheds |
| stream | narrow deep channel that is filled with water |
| What are some characteristics for youthful rivers? | -flows very quickly -erodes their channel -gets deeper, not wider -steep gradient -waterfalls -strong rapids |
| What are some characteristics for mature rivers? | -medium speed -erodes channel -gets wider, not deeper -no waterfalls -small rapids -fed by many tributaries- Ex. French Broad |
| What are some characteristics for old rivers? | -low gradient -little erosive energy -floodplains |
| What are some characteristics for rejuvenated rivers? | -land has been raised by tectonic activity -cut deeply into the valley floor -forming step-like formations, called terraces |
| deposition | process where material is laid down or dropped |
| erosion | occurs along the outside bank of bend- faster |
| alluvial fan | mass of material deposited by a stream onto the land |
| Where is sediment deposited? | Sediment is deposited where the speed of the water current decreases |
| placer deposits | heavy minerals that deposits at a place in the river where the current slows down |
| delta | fan shaped mass of material deposited at the mouth of a stream (forms in water) |
| dam | a barrier that can redirect the flow of water (hold water in) |
| levee | build up of sediment deposited along the channel of a river (keeps water out) |
| gradient | change in elevation |
| high gradient | high erosive energy |
| low gradient | little erosive energy |
| discharge | amount of water a river carries |
| How is discharge increased? | major storms and melting snow |
| What happens when there is more discharge erosive energy? | the discharge gains in speed and changes its load |
| load | materials carried by a stream |
| What effects the size? | speed effects size |
| speed of larger particles? | faster |
| speed of smaller particles | slower |
| bed load | large rocks and boulders |
| suspended load | smaller rocks and sediments |
| dissolved load | solutions, pollution by products |
| groundwater | water located within the rocks below the earth's surface |
| spring | when the water table reaches the surface water flows out onto the ground |
| zone of aeration | upper zone of underground that water passes through |
| zone of saturation | lower zone where water collects by filling the spaces between rock particles |
| porosity | percentage of open space between individual rocks |
| impermeable | rocks that stops the flow of water |
| permeable | allows water to pass through |
| aquifer | rock layer that stores water and allows to flow freely |
| recharge zone | ground surface where water enters an aquifer (percolation) |
| Artesian Spring | water flows through a crack in the cap rock of the aquifer |
| water table | boundary between 2 zones that change based on water supply |
| cave | formed by underground erosion (dissolving) limestone |
| sinkhole | when the water table is lower than the level of the cave, the roof of the cave can collapse, leaving a circular expression |
| stalactites | water drips through a crack in the cave's ceiling leaving deposits of calcium carbonate |
| stalagmites | water that falls to the cave floor and forms mineral deposits |
| well | a man-made hole that needs to be deeper than the water table |
| Archimedes Principal | states that the buoyancy force on an object in a liquid is equal to the weight of the volume of liquid that the object displaces. |
| liquid displaced (buoyant force) | The magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced liquid |
| liquid displaced (mass) | mass of the boat is equal to the mass of displaced liquid |
| volume underwater | multiply the width, length, and depth of the boat |
| sinking depth | boat mass divided by length times width (or area) |
Created by:
vish0298
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