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DNA and RNA for bio
freshman bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hat is a gene? | a sequence of dna nucleotides that codes for the building of a protein |
| how is rna different from dna? | it is single stranded, has ribose sugar, and has uracil in place of thymine |
| what is mRNA and what does it do? | messenger rna, and it carries info. from dna to protein |
| what is tRNA and what does it do? | transfer rna, and it brings amino acids to ribosomes |
| what is rRNA and what is it? | ribosomal rna, and it is not for coding, it is part of ribosome structure |
| what is the initiation step of transcription? | rna polymerase attaches to ds dna at a "promoter" |
| what is the elongation step of transcription? | rna polymerase moves downstream, breaks hbonds to expose ss dna |
| what is the termination step in transcription? | rna polymerase reaches an "end" signal and releases the ss rna and falls of ds dna |
| what is translation? | converting the info. on mRNA into a protein |
| what are codons? | triplets of mRNA nucleotides |
| look over initiation and elongation of translation | look it over |
| what is a mutation? | a change in DNA |
| what is a "silent" mutation? | a base is changes but it still codes for the same amino acid |
| what is a "missense" mutation? | changes and codes for a different amino acid |
| what is a "nonsense" mutation? | base changes and results in a stop codon |
| describe frameshifts... | a new base is added or removed and every thing down stream is changed |
| mutagen? | chemical that causes a mutation |
| carcinogen? | chemical that causes in a mutation that results in cancer |
| structure of t&m RNA? | t has loops and r is straight |
| what does DNA contain that protein does not? | phosphorous |
| why does error rate change? | dna polymerase "proofreads" |
| hershey and chase? | proved undoubfully that dna not proteins carry info. base pairs |
| oswald avery? | first to show that dna had hereditary components and proteins did not, but did not have enough back up info to prove it. |
| Erwin chargaff? | adenine and thymine=% in dna and that cytosine and guanind have =% in dna |
| rosalind franklin? | picture showed a spiral |
| watson and crick? | proved dna's structure, anti parrelel. |
| "semi-conservative"? | half of each "new" double stranded dna is original dna and the other half is new |
| helicase? | attach at an origin of replication and move in either direction breaking h bonds |
| primase? | adds small segments of ssrna to ssdna at origin sites to start replication |
| polymerase? | proofreads |
Created by:
laur1219
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