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dyson 1st sem
bio 1st sem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| osmosis | The diffusion of water |
| stroma | The fluid surrounding the Thylakoids |
| thylakoid | Structures in the chloroplasts where the light reactions (Photosystems II & I ) occurs. |
| growth | Mitosis is the type of cell division that is necessary for ________________. |
| ecosystem | Refers to all of the living organisms and the environment |
| DNA | stored in the nucleus |
| Haploid | Half the number of chromosomes |
| Sunlight | the source of the energy in the chemical bonds of the glucose molecule |
| Tetrad | The pairing of homologous chromosomes |
| photosystems | Clusters of chlorophyll molecules and other pigments that are found in the thylakoid. |
| selectively permeable | The ability of a cell membrane to allow some materials into the cell while not allowing others |
| polysaccharide | Three or more simple sugars |
| nucleus | The region of the cell where DNA is stored and where transcription occurs |
| Glycolysis | the process where glucose is broken down |
| Zygote | A fertilized egg |
| Cellular respiration | the process of converting glucose into ATP in the mitochondria |
| Diffusion | the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration |
| Crossing over | the shuffling of genes due to the mixing of the tetrad formed in meiosis |
| Light Reactions | The reactions that capture the energy of sunlight and uses it to make ATP and NADPH |
| metaphase | The stage where the chromosomes line up in both mitosis and meiosis |
| Passive Transport | a type of cell transport that does not involve energy and includes Diffusion and Facilitated Diffusion |
| Spindle fibers | The structures that enable the chromosomes to move |
| Mitosis | a type of cell division that results in two diploid daughter cells |
| Starch | Plants store glucose in this form |
| monosaccharide | Simple sugars such as Glucose |
| lipid | The part of the cell membrane that is hydrophobic is the |
| Thymine | the nitrogen base on DNA that pairs with Adenine |
| oxidation | A chemical reaction where an electron is lost |
| Peptide bond | The type of bond that connects amino acids together |
| Nucleotides | The building blocks of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA are called |
| Cilia | Small hair like structures used for movement in certain cells and used for movement |
| Turgor Pressure | The result of water moving inside a plant cell results |
| ATP | the abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate which is the energy rich molecule used by cells |
| Gametes | Reproductive or sex cells which also have the haploid number of chromosomes |
| Amino acids | Building blocks of proteins |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | states that energy can not be created or destroyed |
| phospholipid bilayer | describes the structure of the cell membrane. (Phosphate-hydrophilic; Lipid-hydrophobic) |
| grana | Stacks of thylakoids |
| Inorganic | describes compounds that do not contain carbon. |
| Chloroplasts | The structures in the plant cell that contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis |
| Mitochondria | the site of cellular respiration in the cells where glucose is converted into ATP (energy) |
| Vacuoles | structures in the cell that can store food or water. (very large in plant cells) |
| n | The symbol that refers to half the number of chromosomes or haploid |
| Carbohydrates | Organic compounds with carbon |
| Ribosomes | structures in the cells that are the site of protein synthesis (translation) |
| Cytoskeleton | structures in the cell that are responsible for support |
| Codon | Three bases that match to a specific amino acid |
| Chlorophyll | Green pigment found in most plants |
| Passive transport | The movement of molecules that do NOT require the use of energy |
| Calvin Cycle | The cycle of steps where ATP and NADPH is used to convert CO2 into glucose |
| Glycogen | the stored form of glucose in animal cells |
| Cytokinesis | cell movement (occurs at the end of cell division) |
| Cellulose | A polysaccharide found in cell walls of plants |
| Carbon Dioxide | The gas that plants take in through the stomates of their leaves and use to make sugar |
| Gene | The length of DNA that has information for a specific trait |
| Metaphase | The stage in Mitosis where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
| Prokaryotes | Cells without a nuclear membrane ( Archaebacteria & Eubacteria) |
| Chromatin | Thin threads of DNA that are interspersed throughout the nucleus during Interphase |
| Transcription | The first step in protein synthesis where a strand of mRNA is formed inside the nucleus |
| Disaccharide | Two simple sugars that are combined. Sucrose is an example. |
| tRNA | The molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes (anticodon on the bottom; amino acid on the top) |
| Lipids A class of organic compounds that contain fats | oils |
| Polar | the uneven distribution of electrons (water is polar) |
| Centromere | The location where chromatids are attached |
| Equilibrium | the steady state when about the same number of molecules are moving back and forth across a membrane |
| Biochemistry | The study of the chemistry essential to life. |
| Community | Refers to all of the living organisms in certain location |
| Excited electron | The term that describes an electron that has been moved to a higher energy state after being struck by a photon of light |
| Lysosomes | structures in the cell with digestive enzymes that break particles down |
| Hypertonic | describes a solution where the solute concentration is HIGHER (results in water moving OUT of the cell) |
| Hypotonic | describes a solution where the solute concentration is LOWER (results in water moving IN of the cell) |
| Active Transport | The movement of particles against a concentration gradient that requires the use ATP |
| Haploid | refers to a cell having HALF the number of chromosomes -"n" ( number for humans is 23) |
| Reduction | A chemical reaction where an electron is gained. |
| Replication | the copying of DNA in the nucleus. Occurs before cell division. |
| Cellular Respiration | the process of cell converting glucose into ATP with carbon dioxide and water as waste products (sometimes lactic acid or alcohol. |
| Organic | Compounds that contain carbon and are usually derived from living organisms |
| Facilitated diffusion | The movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration with the help of proteins embedded in the cell membrane |
| Golgi apparatus | the structures in the cell that can package materials for movement in and out of the cell. |
| Anaphase | The stage in Mitosis where the chromosomes are pulled apart |
Created by:
rdyson
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