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Parasitology Exam II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| General characteristics of trematodes | dorso-ventrally flattened, leaf-like, oral and ventral suckers, indirect life cycle, usually genitally independent |
| What are the final hosts for Alaria species? | dog, cat, fox, mink |
| What are the intermediate hosts for Alaria species? | snails and tadpoles |
| What are the paratenic hosts of Alaria species? | frogs, snakes, mice, rats, birds, reptiles, raccoons, opossums, wild boars, humans |
| Identification of Alaria species | egg: oval, honey color, distinct operculum, up to 130um Adult: pink or brown, 10mm |
| Alaria - sites of infection | adults in small intestine and immature stages in lungs |
| Alaria - pathogenesis and lesion | severe duodenitis; lung migration causes clinical illness |
| Alaria - clinical signs | not in final host, but occur in paratenic host |
| Alaria - diagnosis | fecal sedimentation |
| Alaria - treatment and prevention | cestocides |
| Nanophyetus salmincola | salmon fluke poisoning |
| What are the final hosts of Nanophyetus salmincola? | dogs, cats, minks, raccoons, other fish-eating mammals |
| What are the intermediate hosts of Nanophyetus salmincola? | snails and fish |
| Nanophyetus salmincola identification | adults: ovoid and creamy white, up to 2mm egg: oval, yellowish brown, thick shell, 80um |
| Nanophyetus salmincola site of infection | adults in small intestine |
| Nanophyetus salmincola pathogenesis and lesions | extremely pathogenic. Flukes are vectors of Neorickettsia helminthoeca, which causes salmon poisoning in dogs, severe hemorrhagic enteritis |
| Nanophyetus salmincola clinical signs | enteritis, sudden fever, vomiting, diarrhea, high mortality |
| Nanophyetus salmincola diagnosis | fecal sedimentation |
| Nanophyetus salmincola treatment and prevention | anthelmintics, tetracycline for rickettsia |
| Paragonimus kellicotti | lung fluke |
| Paragonimus kellicotti final hosts | dog, cat, carnivores |
| Paragonimus kellicotti intermediate hosts | snails, crayfish Some species infect humans |
| Paragonimus kellicotti identification | adult - ovoid, reddish brown, up to 16mm egg - oval, yellowish brown, distinct operculum, 110um |
| Paragonimus kellicotti site of infection | lung parenchyma |
| Paragonimus kellicotti pathogenesis and lesions | developing flukes cause formation of a cyst |
| Paragonimus kellicotti clinical signs | intermittent cough can occur; heavy infections lead to severe cough, pneumonia, and death |
| Paragonimus kellicotti diagnosis | radiographs reveal cysts; fecal sedimentation |
| Paragonimus kellicotti treatment and prevention | praziquantel |
| Platynosomum fastosum | lizard poisoning |
| Platynosomum fastosum final host | cat |
| Platynosomum fastosum intermediate hosts | snail, crustacean (crayfish) |
| Platynosomum fastosum paratenic host | obligate paratenic host - lizard, skink, toads, geckos |
| Platynosomum fastosum identification | Egg- oval, brownish, medium thick shell, operculate, up to 50um Adult - 8mm in length |
| Platynosomum fastosum sites of infection | bile ducts |
| Platynosomum fastosum pathogenesis | hyperplastic bile ducts |
| Platynosomum fastosum clinical signs | lizard poisoning - palpable liver, icterus, death |
| Platynosomum fastosum diagnosis | fecal sedimentation |
| Platynosomum fastosum treatment and prevention | praziquantel, surgery |
| General characteristics of insects | 3 pairs of legs, a head, distinch thorax and abdomen, pair of antennae |
| Characteristics of family Oestridae | Adults - large hairy flies, nonfunctional mouthparts, short-lived Larvae - obligatory parasites, host specific |
| Cuterebra spp. | rodent or rabbit bot fly, New World skin bot flies |
| Cuterebra spp. hosts | rodents, rabbits, squirrels, chipmunks, mice, dogs, cats. Zoonosis. |
| Cuterebra spp. identification | third stage larva and season |
| Cuterebra spp. site of infection | subcutaneous CT, can locate to nasal and oral regions and migrate to brain |
| Cuterebra spp. clinical signs | lump in neck, fur constantly wet, hole drips fluid |
| Cuterebra spp. diagnosis | larva can be removed whole from breathing hole, type I hypersensitivity reaction, would heals slowly |
| Cuterebra spp. treatment and prevention | no approved prevention |
| Culicidae | mosquitoes |
| Culicidae identification | pair of wings, long thin legs, long proboscis, long antennae |
| Culicidae pathogenesis and lesions | transmit many diseases and pathogens |
| Characteristics of suborder Ischnocera (Mallophaga) | biting, chewing lice, wide mandible mouthparts, feed on skin, hair, feathers, other organic material, 3mm, yellow, rapid movement, often bird lice |
| Trichodectes canis | dog biting louse, canine chewing louse |
| Trichodectes canis hosts | dogs |
| Trichodectes canis identification | yellowish color, biting/chewing mouthparts, active louse, adults 2mm |
| Trichodectes canis life cycle | female lays eggs, develop to nymphs and adults. Host required to complete life cycle (same for Linognathus setosus) |
| Trichodectes canis sites of infection | hair, skin |
| Trichodectes canis pathogenesis and lesions | vector of D. caninum; heavy infestations in neglected and underfed animals. Affects young |
| Trichodectes canis clinical signs | pruritus, dogs scratch, cause loss of hair, restless, scratch continuously, anemia can occur |
| Trichodectes canis diagnosis | identification of louse |
| Trichodectes canis treatment and prevention | avoid direct contact with brushes, combs, and blankets; recent products include MCL (same for Linognathus setosus) |
| Characteristics of suborder Anoplura | bloodsucking, more pathogenic, pointed noses, large, 3-5mm, dark blue depending on amount of blood ingested, slow moving, clasping hair shaft, lice of mammals |
| Linognathus setosus | dog sucking louse |
| Linognathus setosus hosts | dogs |
| Linognathus setosus identification | 3-5mm, head narrower than thorax, sucking mouthparts |
| Linognathus setosus site of infection | skin |
| Linognathus setosus pathogenesis and lesions | heavy infestation can cause severe anemia |
| Linognathus setosus clinical signs | loss of body condition, damage to skin |
| Linognathus setosus diagnosis | louse identification |
| Ctenocephalides felis | cat flea (most common) |
| Ctenocephalides felis hosts | dogs and cats |
| Ctenocephalides felis identification | egg 0.5mm |
| Ctenocephalides felis sites of infection | skin, back, ventral abdomen, inner thighs |
| Ctenocephalides felis pathogenesis and lesions/clinical signs | flea allergy dermatitis, vectors of a wide range of parasitic and infectious agents |
| Ctenocephalides felis diagnosis | fleas, flea feces, blood on host and in bedding |
| Ctenocephalides felis treatment and prevention | requires breaking life cycle in several places. insecticides, environmental control |
| Characteristics of Reduviidae (assassin bugs) | have mouthparts designed to pierce and suck blood, allergic reactions at site of bite, painful bites, develop wings, transmit trypanosoma cruzi |
| Characteristics of Cimicids (bed bugs) | have mouthparts designed to pierce and suck blood, allergic reactions at site of bite, painless bites until later after feeding, no wings, does not transmit disease |
| Reduviidae and Cimicidae life cycle | hide by day and attack by night; cimicids only nocturnal; can molt 5 times at weekly intervals, can endure starvation for months |
| Reduviidae and Cimicidae sites of infection | skin |
| Reduviidae and Cimicidae pathogenesis and lesions | can transmit disease (Reduviidae) |
| Reduviidae and Cimicidae clinical signs | blood loss and allergic reactions |
| Reduviidae and Cimicidae diagnosis | identification of bug |
| Reduviidae and Cimicidae treatment and prevention | environmental and insecticide |
Created by:
Stacia1226
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