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CH-281: Ch. 7
Ch. 7: Cell Communication
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amplification | an increase in the magnitude of each step as a signal transductin pathway proceeds |
| Cell signaling | the system of communication between cells through signaling pathways |
| Cross-talk | interaction by which cells signaling pathway communicate with one another to integrate their responses to cellular signals |
| cyclic AMP (cAMP) | signal transduction pathways: function in one of two major G-protein-coupled receptor response pathways |
| Diacylglycerol (DAG) | in signal transduction pathways: involved in one of two major G-protein-coupled receptor-response pathways |
| Effector | in signal transduction, a plasma membrane-associated enzyme, activated by a G protein, that generates one or more second messengers. in homoeostatic feedback, the system that returns the condition to the set point if it has strayed away |
| First messenger | the extracellular signal molecule in signal transduction pathways controlled by G-protein-coupled receptors |
| Hormone | a signaling molecule secreted by a cell atha can alter the activities of any cell with receptros for it; in animals, typically a molecule produced by one tissue and transported via the bloodstream to another specific tissue to alter its physiological act. |
| Inositol triphosphate | in particular signal transduction pathways, a second messenger that activates transport proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum to release Calcium into the cytoplasm. IP3 is involved in one of two major G-protein-coupled receptor-response pathways |
| Protein Kinase | enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from ATP to one or more sites on particular proteins |
| Protein pohosphatase | enzyme that removes phosphate groups from target proteins |
| Reception | in signal transduction, the binding of signal molecule with a specific receptor in a target cell |
| Receptor Tyrosine Kinase | in signal transduction, a surface receptor with built in protein kinase activity |
| Response | in signal transduction, the last stage in which the transduced signal causes the cell to change according to the signal and to the receptors on the cell. In the nervous system, the output resulting form the integration of neural messages |
| Second Messenger | inparticular signal transduction pathways, an internal, nonprotein signal molecule that directly or indirectly activates protein kinases, which elicit the cellular response |
| Steroid Hormone Receptor | Internal receptor that turns on specific genes when it is activated by binding a signal molecule |
| Transduction | in cell signaling, the process of changing a signal into the form necessary to cause the cellular response. In prokaryotes, the process in which DNA is transferred from donor to recipient bacterial cells by an infecting bacteriophage |
Created by:
srooker
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