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BIO LAB 1 MIDTERM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| factors other than the one studied that may cause changes or differences in what we're measuring | confounding factors |
| experiment in which tests are done on an experimental group that is treated with the drug (or other variable) and a control group that is handled and manipulated exactly the same way; a way to account for confounding factors | controlled experiments |
| group that is treated with a variable | experimental group |
| group that is handled and manipulated exactly the same way but is not given the variable | controlled group |
| only one difference that exists between the control and experimental group in an ideal experiment; | independent variable (caffeine in mice) |
| the independent variable is used in an experiment to test if it has an effect on the | dependent variable (heart rate) |
| before executing an experiment, a scientist must create | null and alternative hypotheses to cover all possible outcomes of the experiment |
| _____ hypothesis predicts that there is no effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable | null |
| statistics | field that allows us to deal with chance events |
| the statistical tests (t-test/chi square test) evaluates the data to see if the data is | so far off from your null hypothesis or whether you can justify falsifying your hypothesis. |
| if data are discrete numbers (number of organisms or eye colors), use the _____ test | nonparametric/ CHI-SQ TEST |
| if data collected are continuous data like height, use ____ test | parametric test/ T-TEST to compare av, mean, etc |
| if differences are small, you fail to reject the null hypothesis and | conclude that any differences between your data and null hypothesis are due to random error or sampling differences |
| if you reject your null hypothesis, you conclude that the differences are so large between your data and | the null hypothesis must be incorrecct. |
| __________ statistics assumes the data comes from probability distributions and makes more assumptions about the parameters of distribution the other test | parametric statistics |
| test doesn't rely on probability distributions, often used to study populations on a ranked order, and to assess preferences without numerical interpretation data; makes fewer assumptions..used when less info is known | non-parametric |
| non parametric tests are referred to as more robust but if parametric tests are the more appropriate to use, | the test has less power |
| 4 major clades in the plant kingdom | bryophytes, ferns, angiosperms, gymnosperms |
| factor that influenced plant evolution | dryness of the terrestrial habitat |
| 3 major adaptations that had to evolve for plants to make the transition to dry land | control of water loss, stress of gravity, protective packaging for gametes and embryos |
| all parts of the plant are made up of the same 3 tissue types | ground, vascular, and dermal tissues |
| tissues that make up the bulk of the plant body | ground tissues |
| 3 types of ground tissues | parenchyma, collenchyma, schlerenchyma |
| soft/moist cells that perform virtually all the metabolic activities of plants; thin walled, many sided, most abundant & versatile tissues, name for any tissue for which the function is unclear from its structure | parenchyma |
| strong yet pliable supporting cells with unevenly thick walls that contain cellulose fibrils and pectin (complex sugar), form the veins of leaves under surface of stems | collenchyma |
| thick walled cells that support the body of the mature plant, coat the seeds, and form a sheath around the vascular tissues. contain lignin which strengthen and waterproof the plant | schlerenchyma |
| tissues that transport water and food thruout the plant body | vascular tissues |
| 3 types of vascular tissues | vascular bundles, xylem, phloem |
| vascular bundles in stems consist of 3 tissues from outside to inside: phloem, vascular cambium, and xylem. grow, divide to produce new xylem and phloem. | vascular bundles |
| tissue that conducts water & dissolved minerals from the roots to the plant. | xylem |
Created by:
szenitho
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