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Chap 28: Protist
Prostist
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Protist are: | Mostly unicellular, but may be colonial or multicellular |
| Protist are: | Eukaryotes |
| Protist are: | Polyphyletic |
| Protist is a: | Kingdom |
| Protist is considered: | anything that's not a fungi, plant or animal |
| Protist can: | carry their own biological functions using sub-organelles. |
| Protist uniquely has: | contractile vacuoles |
| Nutritionally protist can be: | Heterotrophs, phototrophs, or mixotrophs |
| Protist may reproduce: | sexually, asexually, or both. |
| Protist diversity is thought to be due to: | endosymbiosis |
| a prokaryote is engulfed by a protist and that prokaryote functioned as a | Mitochondria inside the protist. |
| Cyanobacteria were engulfed by eukaryotes and the cyanbacteria became that eukaryotes: | plasmid |
| Secondary endosymbiosis is when: | a endosymboint organism is engulfed by another organism and is then used an organelle. |
| Excavata includes: | Diplomonades, Parabasalids, and Euglenozoans |
| Diplomonades mitochondria is called: | Mitosome |
| Diplomonades mitosome lacks: | a functional ETC and cannot use O2(anaerobic) to extract energy. |
| Diplomonades structurally: | contains 2 equal-sized nuclei and has multiple flagella. |
| Parabasalids mitochondrial name: | Hydrogenosome |
| How does the Parabasalids hyrogenosome generate energy? | anaerobically and then it releases H2 (gas) as a by-product. |
| Euglenozoans Morphological features is: | the presence of a spiral pr crystalline rod inside their flagella. |
| Two best-studied groups of Euglenozoans are: | Kinetoplasid and euglenids |
| Euglenozoans can be (nutritionally): | Heteroyroph, phototrophs, and parasitic. |
| Kinetoplasid has: | One large mitochondria that contains an organized mass of DNA called kinetoplast. |
| Kinetoplasid may feed on: | prokaryotes in freshwater, marine, moist terrestrial ecosystems, and parasitize any animal plant or other protist. |
| Structurally euglenids: | has a pocket at one end of the cell from which one or two flagella emerge from. |
| Euglena are commonly found: | in pond water. |
| Euglena lacks: | a cell wall |
| Euglena (nutritionally) and mostly: | Mixtotrophs (they are autotrophic in sunlight and when sunlight is unavailable, euglena are heterotrophic.) |
| Why are the mitochondria's of diplomonade and parabasalids as "highly reduced" ? | Since the mitosome and hydrogenosome does not use their ETC since they are anaerobic. |
| Chromalveolata is a: | Supergroup |
| Chromalveolata is based on two line of evidence: | DNA sequence data suggest that they are monophyletic and that chromaveolata engulfed a single cell photosynthetic red algae (making this process a secondary endosymbiosis) |
| The two clades of chromaveolata are: | Alveolates and stramenopiles |
| Alveolates monophyly is well supported by: | Molecular systematic's |
| Alveolates structurally has: | a membrane bound sac right under the plasma membrane. |
| Alveolates includes 3 subgroups: | dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliants |
| dinoflagellates are: | a group of flagellates |
| Apicomplexans are: | a group of parasites |
| Ciliants are: | a group of protist that moves with cilia. |
| Dinoflagellates are characterized by: | cells that are reinforced by cellular plates. |
| dinoflagellates flagella are located: | in a perpendicular groove. |
| dinoflagellate (nutritionally) are: | phototroph, heterotroph and mixotroph |
| dinflagellate "blooms" are caused by: | a massive growth of dinoflagellate which then creates "red tides." |
| Apicomplexans are all nearly: | parasites |
| Apicomplexans parasite spreads through their host as a small infection called: | sporozoites |
| Apicomplexans gets their name because: | at one end of the protist it contains a complex organelle that specializes in penetrating its host cells/tissue. |
| Apicomplexans are not: | photosynthetic |
| Apicoplexans are both: | sexual and asexual |
| Apicoplexans usually need two different: | host |
| A good example of apicoplexan is: | malaria |
| Ciliates uses ______ to move and feed | Cilia |
| Ciliates has 2 types of nuclei: | tiny nuclei and large macro nuclei |
| Ciliates genetic variation through: | conjugation |
| conjugation: | is a sexual process in which two individuals exchange haploid micro nuclei. |
| Ciliates generally reproduce: | asexually through binary fission. |
| During binary fission in ciliates: | the existing macro-nuclei disintegrates and a new one is formed from the cells micro-nuclei. |
| Ciliates macro-nuclei contains: | several copies of the ciliates genome. |
| Genes in the ciliates macro-nucleus controls: | every functions (such as feeding, waste removal and maintaining a water balance.) |
| Stramenophiles features include: | many hair-like flagella |
| Stramenophiles are a group of: | marine algae |
| Stramenophile includes the clades: | diatoms, golden algae, brown algae and Oomycetes |
| Diatoms are ____ | unicellular |
| diatoms features: | a unique glass-like wall made of hydrated silica. (it's embedded in its organic matrix) |
| Diatoms walls consist of: | two parts that overlaps each other; this provides an effective way to protect itself from crushing jaws of predators. |
| Diatoms can withstand high pressure due to their: | delicate lacework of holes and grooves. |
| Diatoms sexual reproductions only occurs when: | a cyst forms (which is rare) |
| Diatoms are a major components of plankton in both: | lake and oceans. |
| Diatom is stored in the form of: | a glucose polymer called laminarin |
| When diatoms bloom and die instead of being eaten: | sink to the ocean floor, and the carbon in their bodies are is not returned to the air. This could possibly help reduce global warming. |
| Golden algae appear gold due to their: | gold and brown carotenoids |
| Golden algae structurally are: | biflagellate (with one flagellum at each end |
| golden algae could be: | unicellular or colonial |
| which algae is the largest and most complex? | Brown algae |
| All brown algae are: | multicellular |
| Most common in temperate (cool) coastal waters: | Brown algae |
| brown algae owes their(olive/brown) colors to their: | carotenoids in the plastids |
| brown algae are commonly called: | seaweed |
| brown algae are analogous to: | land plants |
| thallus: | algal body that is plantlike. |
| Thallus lacks: | true roots, steams and leaves |
| Holdfast= | Root-like |
| Stipe= | stem-like |
| blades= | leave-like |
| Most of the brown alga's photosynthetic surface is on it's: | blade |
| Helps blades of brown algae to stay above surface: | gas-filled, bubbled-shaped floats. |
| brown algae's cell wall is composed of: | cellulose + gel forming polysaccharide. |
| is used to thicken foods: | brown algae |
| Oomycetes structurally has: | hyphae, cell walls made up of cellulose no longer has plastid(but ancestors did) |
| Oomycetes (nutritionally) are not: | photosynthetic |
| Oomycetes are (nutritionally) are: | decomposers and parasites |
Created by:
adrgallardo
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