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Embryology
Head and Neck 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Q Pharynegeal arches are bars of mesenchyme separated by_____ exteriorly, and ______ internally | A clefts, pouches |
| Q Which P-arch is the mandibular arch? | A arch one. |
| Q Which P-arch is innervated by CN V? | A Arch one. motor is mandibular division, and sensory is all three divisions |
| Q Which arch is innervated by the glossopharyngeal n./CN IX? | A arch three. |
| Q What innervates arch two? | A CN VII/facial |
| Q Which arches have parts that form the hyoid? | A skeletal portion of arch two forms lesser horn and upper body, skeletal portion of arch 3 forms lower body and greater horn |
| Q The portions of which arches form the malleus, incus, and stapes? | A mandibular process of arch one forms incus and malleus, while skeletal element of arch two forms stapes |
| Q: What forms the maxilla, zygomatic, and part of the temporal bones? | A maxillary process of arch one. |
| Q Which was the arch that couldn't? | A 5, not alive. |
| Which arch forms the cartilages of the larynx? | A arches 4/6 |
| Q the musculature of which arch forms the cricothyroid? | A arch 4-this constricts the pharynx |
| Q what does the musculature of arch 6 form? | A intrinsic mm. of larynx |
| Q The muscular portion(s) of which pharyngeal arch form the digastric m.? | A ant. belly from arch 1, pos. belly from arch 2 |
| Be sure to look at the illustrations in the book of the pouches/arches in this chapter. She will most likely have a diagram on the test. | It would probably be good to look at the pictures in the book as you go through any these cards the first time anyways |
| Q Which pouch forms the primitive tympanic cavity (middle ear)? | A Pouch one (AKA tubotympanic recess). This is the only pouch that contacts its adjacent cleft, and the proximal portion forms the eustacian tube. |
| Q What does pouch 2 form? | A palatine tonsil (tonsillar crypts of palatine tonsil?) |
| Q This pouch has a dorsal and ventral wing. | A pouch 3. |
| Q Which wing of pouch 3 forms the inferior parathyroid gland? | A The dorsal wing. |
| What pouch forms the thymus? | A the ventral wing of pouch 3 |
| Q These two pouches are found together | A pouches 4 and 5 |
| Q Which pouch forms the superior thyroid gland? | A pouch 4. this gland migrates into the thyroid |
| Q what does pouch 5 form? | A the ultimobranchial body, which migrates into the thyroid |
| Q After the ultimobranchial body migrates into the thyroid, what does it form? | A parafollicular cells to produce calcitonin. |
| Q Where are pharyngeal clefts found? | A they are grooves on the external surface between arches |
| Q Which cleft forms the external acoustic meatus? | A the first cleft |
| Q these clefts are cut off from the surface by rapid growth of arch 2 | A clefts 2-4. They form a temporary cervical sinus |
| Q The ant. 2/3 of the tongue is oral, and developes from arch 1. What are the names of the buds that form the oral tongue? | The median tongue bud is called the "tuberculum impar", and the two distal tongue buds are called "lateral lingual swellings" |
| Q What do the median sulcus and the lingual septum mark? | A the fusion of the lateral lingual swellings. The sulcus in superficial, and the septum is internal. |
| Q What separates the oral tongue from its root? | A the terminal sulcus |
| Q The post. 1/3 of the tongue is the root, or pharyngeal portion. Where is it in relation to the foramen cecum? | A it lies caudal. the foramen cecum is the opening of the thyroglossal duct if you were wondering, although she didn't make much mention of it in lecture. |
| Q Which of the pharyngeal arches is overgrown and disappears? | A the copula/arch2. This goes to say that only phar. arches 1, 3, and 4 contribute to the formation of the tongue. |
| Q The oral part of the tongue is separated from the root by the terminal sulcus. What do we call the arches that form the root? | A the hypobranchial eminence |
| Q Where are myoblasts derived from? | A occipital myotomes |
| Q What is the motor innervation of the tongue? | A CN XII (myoblasts are derived from occipital myotomes) |
| Q Taste and general sensory of the post. tongue are innervated by what CN? | A CN IX glossopharyngeal, with the sensory also having a dab of CN X |
| Q Taste to the ant. tongue is innervated by CN VII, what is sensory to the ant. tongue innervated by? | A CN V3, mandibular division of trigeminal n. |
| Q The thyroid is initially a thickening of in the pharynx. What does this form? | A The thyroid diverticulum. |
| Q What does the thyroglossal duct connect? | A It connects the tongue to the thyroid. get it? thyro......glossal.......Remember that this duct exits the foramen cecum. |
| Useless fact: 50% of people have a "pyramidal lobe" sup. to the isthmus of their thyroid. | No answer here, i said it was a useless fact. |
| Q This is the primordial mouth, at the ant. end of the gut tube | A The stomodeum |
| Q There are five primordia surrounding the stomodeum. Which one is the rostral boundary? | A The frontonasal prominence |
| A Paired maxillary prominences of pharyngeal arch 1 form which boundries of the stomodeum? | Q The lateral boundries. I threw you off by switching "Q" and "A" didn't i? he he he..... |
| Q What forms the caudal boundary of the stomodeum? | A paired mandibular prominences of pharyngeal arch 1 |
| Q Can you name the five primordia surrounding the stomodeum yet? | A frontonasal prominence (x1), maxillary prominences (x2), and mandibular prominences (x2) |
| Q Nasal placodes form nostrils, and nasal pits form nasal cavities. Where are these located? | A These are ectodermal thickenings on the ventrolateral part of the FRONTONASAL prominence. |
| Q Medial and lateral prominences surround nasal pits. What pushes the medial prominence medially, and what does this form? | A the developing maxillary prominences push them medially, and the midline fusion forms the "intermaxillary segment". (This gives rise to your upper lip philtrum, and part of your maxilla/palate) |
| Q What separates the lat. nasal prominences from the maxillary prominences? | A nasolacrimal groove, which forms the nasolacrimal duct between the eye and nasal cavity |
| Q Which prominence forms the lower lip? | A mandibular prominence |
| Q This nasal prominence forms the forehead, bridge of nose, and the med/lat nasal prominence: | A the frontonasal prominence |
| Q What do the maxillary prominences form in the face? | A cheeks, and the lat. part of upper lip |
| Q The medial nasal prominence forms the philtrum of the upper lip, and the crest/tip of nose. What does the lateral nasal prominence form? | A alae of nose |
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