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PATHOLOGY QII
Pathology Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Study of the nature and cause of disease | PATHOLOGY |
| the study of the cause of disease | ETIOLOGY |
| the orgin and development of a disease | PATHOGENESIS |
| the ability to produce pathological changes | PATHOGENICITY |
| diesease process that may affect any system or part in the body such as inflammation, degeneration or necrosis | GENERAL PATHOLOGY |
| the study of the affects of diesease on a particular part of system | SPECIAL (SYSTEM) PATHOLOGY |
| study of functions of a disease | PHYSIOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY |
| study of structure of a disease | MORPHOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY |
| study of changes caused by a disease which are easily seen by unaid eye | GROSS PATHOLOGY |
| study of tissue(cell) using microscope | HYSTOPATHOLOGY (MICROSCOPIC PATHOLOGY) |
| study of body secretions, excretions and fluids | CLINICAL PATHOLOGY |
| study of gross and microscopic structural changes in the body caused by disease | PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY |
| study of changes in function (physiology) of the body caused by diseasE | PHYSIOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY |
| study of the dead human body to determine cause and manner of death; especially those with a medical and legal significance (3 names) | MEDICOLEGAL(FORENSIC) PATHOLOGY, AUTOPSY |
| autopsy: done to cinfirm the diagnosis (voluntary) | CLINICAL AUTOPSY |
| autopsy: ordered by coroner of ME to determine medical or legal significance to a cause of death | FORENSIC AUTOPSY |
| changes produced by a disease which results in death | CAUSE OF DEATH |
| how the cause of death came about (examples) | MANNER OF DEATH accident, homicide, natural, suicide |
| physiological event produced by a disease which caused the death such as bleeding, cardiac arrest | MECHANISM OF DEATH |
| absence of health, condition of the body other then normal | DISEASE |
| disease accompanied by specific anatomical changes (examples) | ORGANIC DISEASE examples: fever, high blood pressure |
| no readily apparent anatomical structures may be some biological or genetic changes ex: phobias, schizophrenia | FUNCTIONAL DISEASE |
| disease caused by a libing pathogen, may be transmitted from one person to another | INFECTIOUS DISEASE |
| disease caused by the lack of some essential element (body doesn't produce it must come form diet) | DEFICIENCY DISEASE |
| diesease transmitted from parent to offspring | HEREDITARY DISEASE |
| T/F: all genetic diseases are hereditary | TRUE |
| T/F: all hereditary diseases are genetic | FALSE |
| determination of what disease exists | DIAGNOSIS |
| prediction of the outcome of a disease | PROGNOSIS |
| any unfevorable condition arising during the course of a disease | COMPLICATION |
| OBJECTIVE manifestation of a disease, measurable (example) | SIGN (fever, high blood pressure) |
| SUBJECTIVE manifestation of a disease, not measurable(example) | SYMPTOM (headache, pain, malaise) |
| any disease characterized by a fever | FEBRILE DIESEASE |
| disease present at or before birth (down's syndrome) | CONGENITAL DISEASE |
| disease that develops after birth | ACQUIRED |
| disease: rapid onset, short duration | ACUTE DISEASE |
| disease: gradual onset, long duration | CHRONIC DISEASE |
| an acute disease that results in death, characterized by a rapid and severe onset (acute myocardial infraction) | FULMINATING DISEASE |
| temporary cessation or disappearance of signs and symptoms | REMISSION |
| disease which recurs after a period of remission | RECURRENT DISEASE |
| sudden worsening of the sign and symptom of a disease | EXACERBATION |
| disease which can be transmitted from person to person (2 names) | COMMUNICABLE OR CONTAGIOUS DISEASE |
| the number of cases present in a given community at one time | PREVALANCE |
| disease which exists in a given community all the time | ENDEMIC |
| disease that affects many members of a given community at the same time | EPIDEMIC |
| worldwide epidemic | PENDEMIC |
| a disease that affects only small number of people in a given community | SPORADIC |
| disease which cause is UNKNOWN | IDIOPATHIC DISEASE |
| caused by an approved medical treatment or procedure administered by physician | IATROGENIC DISEASE |
| disease that begins and develops as a result of hospitalization | NOSOCOMIAL DISEASE |
| group of signs and symptom | SYNDROME |
| study of the rate of occurrence of a disease | MORBIDITY |
| study of the number of deaths associated with a disease | MORTALITY |
| cause that is responsible for a disease | IMMEDIATE CAUSE |
| conditions or factors which make it more likely for one to develop a disease | PREDISPOSING FACTORS (CONDITIONS) |
| things that can predespose person to a disease | AGE, GENDER, RACE, OCCUPATION CHILDHOOD DISEASE, HEART DISEASE |
| suggests that some ofrt of substance has infiltrated the tissues of the body | INFILTRATION |
| one of more commom forms of infiltration, coloring matters pass into the tissue | PIGMENTATION |
| types of PIGMENTATION | ENDOGENOUS-from normal pigment present in the body EXOGENOUS- pigment that enters form outside |
| types of ENDOGENOUS pigmentation | BILIRUBIN, HEMOGLOBIN, MELANIN |
| orange to yellowish pigment present in bile (digastive juice produced by liver) | BILIRUBIN |
| post-mortem stain resulted from the hemolysis of red blood cells | HEMOGLOBIN |
| freckle and mole are expamples of ..... | EXCESS MELANIN |
| types of EXOGENOUS pigmentation | PNEUMOCONIOSIS, SILICOSIN, BYSSINOSIS, |
| example of PNEUMOCONIOSIS (2 names) | ANTRACOSIS or BLACK LUNG DISEASE (caused by coal dust) |
| inhalation of stone dust | SILICOSIS |
| inhalation of cotton dust | BYSSINOSIS |
| deterioration of cells within the body due to changes which occur within cytoplasm of the cells | DEGENERATION |
| fatty molecules are accumulating whithin cells and have and adverse effect on normal cellular function | FATTY DEGENERATION |
| wexy starch-like substance called amyloid is deposited in the tissues; metabolic disorder involving protein | AMYLOID DISEASE (type of degeneration) |
| term given to the appeareance cells taken on when they are somewhat swollen and contain an abnormal amount of water | CLAUDY SWELLING OR CELLULAR SWELLING (type of degeneration) |
| condition in which calcium is deposited within the tissues of the body with no attempt at the bone formation | PATHOLOGICAL CALCIFICATION |
| decrease in size of once normal body part | ATROPHY |
| examples of ATROPHY | mammary glands when milk stops uterus after pregnancy |
| Common reasons for PATHOLOGICAL ATROPHY | Inadequate nutrition, inadequate nervous stimulation, disuse (broken arm) |
| the sum of all genes in an individual | GENOTYPE |
| the expression of those genes | PEHNOTYPE |
| genes of UNEQUAL influence for particular trait | HETEROZYGOUS |
| genes of EQUAL influence | HOMOZYGOUS |
| matching genes from mom and dad | ALLELES |
| gene dominates the other (brown eye color) | DOMINENCE |
| the gene that is dominated (blue eyes) | RESSESIVE |
| spontaneous change in DNA | MUTATION |
| other then normal present at birth | CONGENITAL ANOMALY |
| any anomaly | MALFORMATION |
| part is smaller then normal AT BIRTH | HYPOPLASIA |
| failure of a part to develop | APLASIA |
| more then normal number of digits | PLYDACTALISM |
| proximal protion of limbs failed to develop | PHOCOMELIA |
| absence of one or more limbs | AMELIA |
| structural abnormality where the spinal colums fails to close around spinal cord | SPINA BIFIDA |
| roof of the mouth fails to join | CLEFT PALATE |
| failure of lips to join | CLEFT (HARE) LIP |
| defect in specialized cells in the retna of the eye called cones | COLOR BLINDNESS |
| 3 types of color blindness | RED/GREEN BLUE/YELLOW ACHROMATOPSIA- BLACK/WHITE ONLY |
| birth mark (strawberry mark) | VASCULAR NEVUS |
| most common fatal inherited disease in US | CYSTIC FIBROSIS |
| effects females, 45 chromosomes , sterile | TURNER'S SYNDROME |
| effects males, 47 chromosomes, sterile | KLEINFELTER'S SYNDROME |
| Types of exudate | SEROUS-clear fluid FIBRINOUS- fibrin PURULENT-pus HEMORPRHAGIC-BLOOD |
| blood rushers to the area of injury | LOCALIZED HYPEREMIA |
| localized area of pus surrounded by a wall of inflammation | ABSCESS |
| group of connected boils | CARBUNCLE |
| small elevation of the skin containing pus | POSTULE |
| chemicals released from injured tissue direct neutrophlis | CHEMOTAXIS |
| form to neutralize specific antigen | ANTIBODY |
| non self which elicts the immume response | ANTIGEN |
| benign tumors grow by | EXPENSION |
| malignant tumors grow by..... spread by process called ..... | INFILTRATION METASTASIS |
| types of tissue neoplasms originate at | EPITHELIAL (including glands) CONNECTIVE (including muscles) |
| OMA rule exeptions | MELANOMA,LYMPHOMA,GLIOMA |
| bening tumor of bone cells | OSTEOMA |
| bening tumor of cartilage | CHENDROMA |
| benign tumor of fat cell | LIPOMA |
| bening tumor of fibrocytes | FIBROMA |
| bening tumor of vessels | ANGIOMA |
| 3 types of benign tumors of muscle | MAYOMA- neoplasm of muscle LEIOMYOMA-neoplasm of smooth muscle RHABDOMYOMA- neoplasm of striated muscle |
| malignant tumor of epithelial and glandular tissue | CARSINOMA |
| malignant rumor of connective tissue | SARCOMA |
| malignent tumor of bone | OSTEOSARCOMA |
| malignant tumor of cartilage | CHONDRSARCOMA |
| malignant tumor of vessel | ANGIOSARCOMA |
| malignant tumor of blood vessels | HEMEANGIOSARCOMA |
| benign tumor of a gland | ADENOMAS |
| malignant tumor of gland | ADENOCARCINOMA |
| second most common form of skin cancer | SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA |
| most common form of skin cancer | BASAL CELL CARCINOMA |
| malignant neoplasm of lymph tissue ( two kinds) | HODGKIN'S & NON'HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA |
| HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA (characteristics) | 15-40 years old more males them females has Reed Stenberg Cell |
| NON-HODKIN'S LYMPHOMA (characteristics) | no Reed Sternberg cells older people over 50 |
| brain cancer | GLIOMA |
| GLIOMA (characteristics) | more common in males Glioblastomamutilforme (most aggressive) |
| characteristic of NEOPLASM | ignore growth control malignent cells look much different then cells of orgin malignant cells don't funcition as cells of orgin |
| incrase in size of a part due to increase in the number of cells | HYPERPLASIA |
| replacement of one type of adult cell with another | METAPLASIA |
| abnormal development of tissue | DSYPLASIA |
| lack of differentiation in cell of orgin | ANAPLASIA |
| LEUKEMIA (characteristics) | means white blood effects bone marrow 2 types: acute and chronic |
| ACUTE LEUKEMIA (ALL | effects children, immature white blood cells |
| ACUTE MYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (AML) | WBC that are not lymphocytes onset around 50 years old |
| CHRONIC MYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA(CML) | most common in western world 60 or older |
Created by:
magda79
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