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Bio On Genetics

QuestionAnswer
What is genetics? science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms
What is heredity? the passing of traits from parents to offspring
Who was Gregor Mendel? Known as the father of genetics, was a monk, discovered how traits are inherited
What is Mendel's Findings? Did his study on pea plants traits. Physical Characteristics of the plants. Mendel discovered that each trait is controlled by 2 factors (called alleles)
What is a Gene? A sequence of DNA that codes for a trait. Made up of two alleles
What is an Allele? Variation of genes, Represented by one letter
What is Dominance? Describes the control of the allele. Big letter is dominate where little is recessive
What is Homozygous? Two of the same type of alleles: ex; TT OR tt
What is Hetrozygous? Two different alleles ex: Tt
What is Genotype? What genes the organism has. (Ex: TT or tt)
What is Phenotype? What it looks like ( ex: tall or short)
What is incomplete dominance? One Allele is not completely dominant. Result is even blending( so white and red make pink)
What is Co-Dominance? Both Alleles Visible in the phenotype. Result Patchy (ex: brown and while cows)
What are Karyotypes? An organized photo of a organisms chromosomes.
What is a Mutation? Damage to genetic material
What is a mutagen? things that cause mutations.
What is a somatic Mutations? Occur in body cells
What is a Germ Mutations? Occur only in the sex cells ; are more threatening because they can be passed to offspring.
Types of Point Mutations? Substitution- ex the fat cat ate the rat changes to the fat hat ate the rat. Insertion- ex: The fat cat ate the rat changes to The fat cat xlw ate the rat Deletion- The fat cat ate the rat changes to the fat ate the rat
Types of Frame-shift mutations? Insertion- The fat cat ate the rat goes to the fat hca tat eth era t Deletion- THe fat cat ate the rat goes to tef atc ata tet ger at
Chromosomal Mutations? Changes in number and structure of the entire chromosome
What is a diploid cell? Cell in your body that have a complete set of chromosomes (46)
What are Sex cells? Sperm and egg only have half they are called HAPLOID!
What does 2 gametes create? A ZYGOTE
What is Meiosis? The process of creating a gamete sex cell
What is OOGenesis? Spermatogensis? Makes eggs. Makes Sperm
What is Crossing over? Increases the number of possible gene combinations and allows for a lot of variation in the gene pool
What is selective Breeding? Choosing only the best traits. Most domestic animals are products of selective breeding
What is Hybridization? Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms. Produces hybrids they can be different species
What is Inbreeding? Continued breeding of similar individuals ex; pure breed dogs
What is increasing variation? Breeders can increase variation in a population by inducing mutations.
What is Genetic Engineering? making changes in the DNA of living organisms.
What is Recombinant DNA? DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources
What is Transgenic Organisms? Contains genes from other species.
What is cloning? An organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. Help save endangered specoes.
Created by: megan.dean.10
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