Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CH-281: Ch. 1
Ch. 1: Intro. to Biological Concepts and Research
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adaptation | Characteristic that helps an organism survive longer or reproduce more under a particular set of environmental conditions |
| Alternative Hypothesis | An explanation of an observed phenomenon that is different from the explanation being tested. |
| Applied Research | Research conducted with the goal of solving specific practical problems |
| Artificial Selection | Selective breeding of animals or plants to ensure that certain desirable traits appear at higher frequency in successive generations |
| Basic Research | Research conducted to search for explanations about natural phenomena in order to satisfy curiosity and to advance collective knowledge of living systems |
| Biological Evolution | The process by which some individuals in a population experience changes in their DNA and pass those modified instructions to their offspring |
| Biological Research | The collective effort of individuals who have worked to understand how living systems function |
| Biosphere | All regions of Earth's crust, waters, and atmosphere that sustain life |
| Biotechnology | The manipulation of living organisms to produce useful products |
| Cell | Smallest unit with the capacity to live and reproduce |
| Cellular Respiration | The process by which energy-rich molecules are broken down to produce energy in the form of ATP |
| Class | A Linnaen Taxonomic category that ranks below a phylum and above an order |
| Community | Populations of all species that occupy the same area |
| Consumer | An organism that consumes other organisms in a community or ecosystem |
| Control | Treatment that ells what would be seen in the absence of the experimental manipulation |
| Decomposer | A small organism, such as a bacterium or fungus, that feeds on the remains of dead organisms, breaking down complex biological molecules or structures into simper raw materials |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | The large, double-stranded, helical molecule that contains the genetic material of all living organisms |
| Development | A series of programmed changes encoded in DNA, through which a fertilized egg divides into many cells that ultimately are transformed into an adult, which is itself capable of reproduction |
| Domain | In protein structure: distinct, large structrual subdivion produced in many proteins by folding of amino acid chain. In systematics: a group of cellular organisms w/characteristics that set it apart as a major branch of the evolutionary tree |
| Ecosystem | Group of biological communities interacting with their shared physical environment |
| Emergent Property | Characteristic that depends on the level of organization of matter, but does not exist at lower levels of organization |
| Eukaryote | Orgainis in which the DNA is enclosed in a nucleus |
| Experimental Data | Info. that describes the result of a careful manipulation of the system under study |
| Experimental Variable | The variable in a scientific study that is manipulated by the experimenter |
| Family | A Linnaean taxonomic category that ranks below an order and above a genus |
| Gene | A unit containing the code for a protein molecule or one of its parts, or for functioning RNA molecules such as tRNA and rRNA |
| Genus | A Linnaean taxonomic category ranking below a family and above a species |
| Homeostasis | A steady internal condition maintained by responses that compensate for changes in the external environment |
| Hypothesis | A tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation |
| Inheritance | The transmission of DNA (that is, genetic information) form one generation to the next |
| Kingdom | A Linnaean taxonomic category that ranks below a domain and above a phylum |
| Kingdom Animalia | The taxonomic kingdom that includes all living and extinct animals |
| Kingdom Fungi | The taxonomic kingdom that includes all living or extinct fungi |
| Kingdom Plantae | The taxonomic kingdom that includes all living or extinct plants |
| Life Cycle | The sequential stages through which individuals develop, grow maintain themselves and reproduce |
| Metabolism | The biochemical reactions that allow a cell or organism to extract energy from its surroundings and use that energy to maintain itself, grow, and reproduce |
| Model Organism | An organism with characteristics that make it a particularly useful subject of research because it is likely to produce results widely applicable to other organisms |
| Multicellular Organism | Individual consisting of interdependent cells |
| Mutation | A spontaneous and heritable change in DNA |
| Natural Selection | The evolutionary process by which alleles that increase the likelihood of survival and the reproductive output of the individuals that carry them become more common in subsequent generations |
| Null Hypothesis | A statement of what would be seen if the hypothesis being tested were wrong |
| Observational Data | Basic Info. on biological structures or the details of biological processes |
| Order | A Linnaean taxonomic category of organisms that ranks above a family and below a class |
| Organelles | The nucleus and other specialized internal structures and compartments of eukaryotic cells |
| Photosynthesis | The conversion of light energy to chemical energy in the form of sugar and other organic molecules |
| Phylogenetic Tree | A branching diagram depicting the evolutionary relationships of groups of organisms |
| Phylum (plural, phyla) | A major Linnaean division of a kingdom, ranking above a class |
| Population | All the individuals of a single species that live together in the same place and time |
| Primary producer | An autotroph, usually a photosynthetic organism, a member of the first trophic level |
| Prokaryote | Organism in which the DNA is suspended in the cell interior without separation from other cellular components by discrete membrane |
| Protein | Molecules that carry out most of the activities of life, including the synthesis of all other biological molecules. A protein consists of one or more polypeptides depending on the protein |
| Protists | A diverse and polyphyletic group of single-celled and multicellular eukaryotic species |
| Ribonucleic Acid | A polymer assembled from repeating nucleotide monomers in which the 5-carbon sugar is ribose. Cellular RNA's include mRNA, tRNA,& rRNA. The genetic material of some viruses is RNA |
| Scientific Name | A two part name identifying the genus to which a species belongs and designating a particular species within that genus |
| Scientific Theory | A broadly applicable idea or hypothesis that has been confirmed by every conceivable test |
| Species | A group of populations in which the individuals are so closely related in structure, biochemistry and behavior that they can successfully interbreed |
| Unicellular organism | Individual consisting of a single cell |
| Variable | An environmental factor that may differ among places or an organismal characteristic that may differ among individuals |
Created by:
srooker
Popular Biology sets