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Muscular system
Anatomy Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the Orbicularis Oris (kissing muscle) action | It compresses and purses the lips |
| what is the Orbicularis Oculi action | It closes the eye. Produces winking, blinking, and squinting |
| What is the action of the Buccination (nursing muscle) | It compresses the cheek, holds food between teeth during chewing, and is used by nursing infants |
| What is the action of the Platysma | It pulls lower lip inferiorly and tenses skin of the neck. (produces look of horror) |
| What is the action of the Temporalis | it elevates and retracts the mandible |
| What is the action of the Massester (around the mandible) | It elevates and protracts the mandible. Its the prime mover of jaw closure |
| what is the origin of the Sternocleidomasoid? | Manubrium and sternal end of the clavical |
| what is the insertion of the Sternocleidomastoid? | Mastoid process |
| What is the action of the Sternocleidomastoid (unilaterally) | lateral flexion and rotation of the Head to the opposite side of neck |
| What is the action of the Sternocleidomastoid (bilaterally) | Flexes the neck |
| What is the action of the Splenius capitis (unilateral) | turns the head side to side |
| What is the action of the Splenius capitis (bilaterally) | extends the head |
| What is the action of the semispinalis capitis (unilaterally) | laterally flexes the neck |
| What is the action of the semispinalis capitis (BILATERALLY) | Extends the neck |
| What is the action of the Spinalis group? | it extends the neck and vertebral column. Maintains posture |
| What is the action of the Longissimus group | It extends the neck and the vertebral column, rotates the head, and maintains posture |
| What is the action of the Iliocostalis group? | It extends the neck and the vertebral column, rotates the head, and maintains posture |
| What is the action of the Levator scapulae (posterior) | elevates and retracts the scapula, inferiorly rotates the scapula, flexes the neck to the same side when the scapula is flexed |
| what is the action of the Rhomboid major ( posterior) | elevates and retracts the scapula. Inferiorly rotates the scapula |
| What is the action of the Rhomboid minor (posterior) | elevates and retracts the scapula. Inferiorly rotates the scapula |
| What is action of the Serratus anterior | It is te prime move in scapula protraction. Superiorly rotates and stabilizes the scapula |
| What is the origin of the Trapezius | occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of c7-t12 |
| What is the insertions of the trapezius | clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula |
| What is the action of the (superior fibers) trapezius | elevates and superiorly rotates the scapula |
| what is the action of the (middle fibers) trapezius | retracts the scapula |
| What is the action of the (inferior fibers) trapezius | depresses the scapula |
| What is the insertion of the Pectoralis minor | coracoid process of scapula |
| What is the action of the Pectoralis minor | protracts and depresses the scapula |
| What is the origin of the Deltoid | Acromial end of the clavicle and spine acromion of the scapula |
| What is the insertion of the Deltoid | Deltoid tuberosity |
| What is the action of the (anterior fibers) Deltoid | flex and medially rotate the arm |
| What is the action of the (middle fibers) Deltoid | Prime movers of abduction |
| What is the action of the (posterior fibers) Deltoid | extend and laterally rotate the arm |
| What is the origin of the Coracobrachialis? | coracoid process |
| what is the insertion of the coracobrachialis | middle medial shaft of the humerus |
| what is the action of the coracobrachialis | adducts and flexes the arm |
| What is the action of the pectoralis major | Prime mover of arm flexion. Adducts and medially rotates the arm |
| What is the action of the Latissimus dorsi | Prive mover of arm extension and adducts/medially rotates the arm |
| what is the action of Teres major | extends and adducts/medially rotates the arm |
| What is the origin of the Superaspinatus | at the superspinous fossa |
| what is the insertion of the supersapinatus | greater tubercle of the humerus |
| What is the action of the supraspinatus? | helps in abduction of the arm |
| what is the origin of the infraspinatus | infraspinous fossa |
| what is the insertion of the infraspinatus | greater tubercle of the humeros |
| what is the action of the infraspinatus | adduction and laterally rotates the arm |
| What is the origin of Teres minor | upper dorsal lateral border of the scapula |
| What is the insertion of Teres minor | Greater tubercle of the humeros |
| What is the action of Teres minor | helps in adduction and laterally rotates the arm |
| What is the origin of subscapularis | subscapular fossa |
| What is the insertion of subscapularis | lesser tubercle of the humeros |
| what is the action of the subscapularis | helps with medial rotation |
| Which of these muscles are a part of the rotator cuff | (s,i,t,s) Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis |
| What is the function of the rotator cuff as a group? | Stabilizes the shoulder joint |
| What is the origin of the biceps brachii (long head) | supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula |
| what is the origin of the biceps brachii (short head) | coracoid process of the scapula |
| what is the insertion of the biceps brachii | radial tuberosity and the biciptial aponeurosis |
| what is the action of the biceps brachii | flexes the arm (long head). powerful supinator of the forearm |
| What is the action of the Brachialis | primary flexor of the forearm |
| what is the action of the brachioradialis | flexes the forearm |
| what is the origin of the triceps brachii | Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the humeros lateral head: posterior humeros above the radial groove |
| what is the insertion of the triceps brachii | olecranon of the ulna |
| What is the action of the triceps brachii | primary extensors of the forearm. Long head extends and adducts the arm |
| What is the origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris | Medial epycondyle |
| what is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris | flexes the wrist and adducts the hand |
| What is the origin of the Palmaris longus | Medial epycondyle |
| What is the action of the palmaris longus | weak wrist flexor |
| What is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis | medial epicondyle |
| What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis | flexes the wrist and abducts the hand |
| what is the origin of the Pronator teres | medial epicondyle |
| What is the insertion of the Pronator teres? | lateral surface of radius |
| what is the action of the pronator teres | pronates the forearm |
| What is the origin of the Flexor digitorum superficialis | medial epycondyle of the humorus and coronoid process of the ulna |
| what is the insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis | middle phalanges of digets 2-5 |
| What is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis | flexes the wrist, 2-5 mp joints, and the pip joints |
| What is the origin of the flexor digitorum profundus | anterior medial surface of the ulna |
| what is the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus | distal phalanges of digits 2-5 |
| what is the action of the flexor digitorum profundus | flexes the wrist, 2-5 mp joints, pip joints, and dip joints |
| What is the action of the Pronator quadratus | pronates the forearm |
| what is the action of the Extensor carpi radialis longus | extends the wrist and abducts the hand |
| What is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis | lateral epicondyle of humeros |
| what is the action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis | extends the wrist and abducts the hand |
| What is the origin of the extensor digitorum | lateral epicondyle of humeros |
| what is the action of the extensor digitorum | extends the wrist, 2-5 mp joints, pip joints, and dip joints |
| What is the origin of the extensor capri ulnaris | lateral epicondyle of humeros |
| What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris | extends the wrist and adducts the hand (wrist) |
| What is the extensor retinaculum and what is its functions | its a deep fascia that holds the extensor tendonsosus to the wrist joint to prevent them from bowing during wrist extension |
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