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EarthSc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Unconsolidated (loose) fragments of minerals and rocks | Sediments |
| Hard rock in subsurface. Covered by Sediments. | Bedrock |
| Oldest, igneous and metamorphic rock in lower crust | Basement rock |
| Natural Cements "Glue" | Quartz, mud, calcite |
| Sedimentary Rocks are important because | Hold earth history, source of most of our natural resources, source of sediments, store and transmit groundwater |
| The process by which solid rock is broken and corroded | Weathering |
| Physical weathering may produce | Talus |
| unconsolidated rock debris accumulated at the base of a slope | Talus |
| Minerals dissolve in water which may be slightly acidic | Dissolution |
| Silicate minerals break down to clay minerals | Hydrolysis |
| A chemical reaction in which element or compound is exposed to oxygen and loses electrons | Oxidation |
| The absorption of water into the crystal lattice. | Hydration |
| Micas and feldspars eventually weather into | Clay minerals |
| Bedrock type, climate, time, organic matter, topography | Soil Formation |
| State Soil of NC | Cecil Soil |
| 3 major groups of sedimentary rocks | Clastic, Biochemical and Chemical |
| Sedimentary Rock: shale | Clastic |
| Sedimentary Rock: Coal/ Limestone | Biohemical |
| Sedimentary Rock: Cryptocrystalline quartz | Chemical |
| Example of Sedimentary Formation (rah-layy) | Castle Hayne Limestone |
| Limestone form in: | Marine Enviroment (salt water) |
| Bedding occurs because: | sediments are deposited episodically in spurts. |
| Coal Sequence | Peat, Lignite, Bituminous Coal, Anthracite |
| Depositional environment associated with oil | Ancient ocean basins |
| Global Sea level rise | Eustatic |
| Tectonic process or subsidence | Local Sea Level Rise |
| Higher Local sea level rise | New Orleans |
| Lower local sea level rise | The Pacific Northwest |
| Process by which Metamorphism occurs | pre-existing rocks are altered |
| What occur at depth in the subsurface | Metamorphism |
| 4 Agents | Pressure, Heat, differential stress, hydro-thermal fluids |
| There is no melt involved in metamorphism because | rocks at depth subsurface are subjected to great pressure. Pressures keep bonds from readily breaking. |
| Example of Recrystallization | Quartzite |
| Example of Neocrystallization | Garnet Mica Schist |
| What class shape and orientation change | Pressure solution and plastic deformation |
| A preferred alignment of minerals | Foliation |
| Example of a foliated metamorphic rock | Slate |
| No specific mineral alignment | Non-Foliated |
| Example of a non-foliated metamorphic rock | Quartzite |
| Low grade meta rock | Slate |
| High grade meta rock | Gneiss |
| Dynamic Metamorphism along faults | shearing |
| Bringing metamorphic rocks to subsurface | Exhumation |
| Larger expanses of older metamorphic rock | Continental Shields |
| Example of a Continental Shield | Canadian Shield |
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1395826742
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