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Bio 12 Section 1.3
Third Assignment Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| carrier protein | Protein molecule that combines with a substance and transports it through the plasma membrane. A protein that transports specific substance through intracellular compartments, into the extracellular fluid, or across the cell membrane. |
| channel protein | Forms a channel to allow a particular molecule or ion to cross the plasma membrane. rotein forming an aqueous pore spanning the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane which when open allows certain solutes to traverse the membrane. |
| receptor protein | Protein located in the plasma membrane or within the cell that binds to a substance that alters some metabolic aspect of the cell |
| fluid-mosaic model (model for the plasma membrane) | based on the changing location and pattern of protein molecules embedded in a fluid phospholipid bilayer form a mosaic pattern in and out of the cell. it has a fluid consistency, similar to oil, allowing lipid molecules the freedom to move; |
| glycolipids | lipid in plasma membranes that bears a carbohydrate chain attached to a hydrophobic tail. (phospholipids that have attached carbohydrate (sugar) chains |
| glycoproteins | protein in plasma membranes that bears a carbohydrate chain. proteins that have attached carbohydrate (sugar) chains |
| phospholipids. constructed similar to neutral fats (triglycerides), except a phosphate group takes the place of one of the fatty acids;the main constituent of the plasma membrane; | Molecule that forms the bilayer of the cell's membranes; has a polar, hydrophilic head (face in +out of cell) bonded to two non polar, hydrophobic tails (face each other in inner part of the membrane. |
| selectively permeable | describes to the cell membrane because some molecules can through it while others cannot |
| PART 2 | |
| concentration gradient | small, non-charged molecules, such as carbon dioxide and oxygen, diffuse through a plasma membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| diffusion | the movement of molecules from an area where the molecule is in high concentration (more solute) to an area of lower concentration (less solute) |
| facilitated diffusion/transport | the movement of a molecule, with the aid of a protein channel or carrier, from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| hypertonic solutions | hyper means “more than” and refers to a solution with more solute (and therefore less water) than found inside a cell; an animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution will shrink or shrivel up due to the movement of water out of the cell |
| hypotonic | hypo means “less than” and refers to a solution with less solute and more water than found inside a cell; a cell placed in this solution will take on water and swell or even burst |
| isotonic solutions | the same concentration of solute and water, both inside and outside the cell |
| lysis | bursting of a cell due to the build-up of pressure |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane due to concentration differences; water moves from an area of high water molecule and low solute concentration to an area of low water molecule and high solute concentration |
| osmotic pressure | the force that causes water to move in either direction across a semi-permeable membrane |
| passive transport | involves diffusion or facilitated transport; no chemical energy is required |
| plasmolysis | occurs in plants cells placed in a hypertonic solution; cytoplasm is reduced due to osmosis and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall |
| turgor pressure | occurs in plant cell placed in a hypotonic solution; swelling creates turgor pressure, but the plant cell will not burst because the plasma membrane pushes against the rigid cell wall |
| Part 3 (C) | |
| active transport | by this process, ions and molecules move across the cell's plasma membrane and accumulate inside or outside the cell; the carrier requires energy to change its shape and transport the molecule to the other side of the membrane |
| endocytosis | requires the use of a cell's ATP energy to alter the shape of the membrane surface to allow a macromolecule to be completely surrounded by the membrane, which then pinches together to form an intracellular vesicle inside the cytoplasm of the cell |
| exocytosis | the movement of materials out of the cytoplasm; ATP energy is needed to create a vesicle or vacuole (large vesicle) that will migrate to the membrane's inner surface and fuse with the cell membrane |
| phagocytosis | endocytosis of large particles |
| pinocytosis | endocytosis of liquid and very small particles |
| surface area | the area of a cell that is exposed to its external environment; if a cell is shaped like a sphere or a ball, the surface area can be calculated by this following equation: surface area = 4&960;r2 |
| surface-area-to-volume ratio | a greater surface-area-to-volume ratio makes a cell more efficient; the smallest cells have the greatest surface-area-to-volume ratios and are the most efficient at transporting molecules across the cell membranes |
| volume | the volume of a cell can be calculated by the following equation: 5.0LOMv1.0LOMv1.0 yesLOMv1.0 yesvolume |
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marianastrenchluvr
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