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B3 Evolution Test
bomhoff 7th hour 2/17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the age of the Earth to our best estimates? | 4.5 billion years old |
| What is radiometric dating? | The process of estimating the age of an object by measuring the content of certain radioactive isotopes |
| What is half life? | The time it takes for half of the radioactive sample to decay. |
| What have experiments shown scientists about the formation of the building blocks of bio molecules? | That they can be formed through natural processes. |
| What was the first living thing on Earth? | Prokaryotes. |
| How did early cyanobacteria affect the Earth's ecosystem? | It increased the oxygen content of the atmosphere. |
| Current evidence supports the idea that eukaryotes evolved from what types of organisms? | Prokaryotes. |
| What are the organelles that are believed to be symbiotic eubacteria? | Mitochondria and chloroplasts. |
| Name two of the evidence that supports the concept of endosymbiosis. | The size and stucture of both organelles is very similar to prokaryotes; and the two organelles have a ring of DNA like a prokaryote that is different from the DNA found in the nucleus. |
| Name 2 more of the evidence that supports the concept of endosymbiosis. | The ribosomes of these two organelles are the same size and structure of prokaryotes; and the method of production of organelles. |
| Multicellular organisms first appeared on Earth how long ago and what group are they members of? | 700 million years ago; protista |
| The Geologic Timeline is a history of the Earth that is divided into chunks based on what types of major events? | Mass extinction; New species appearing; Climatic change; and Geological Change |
| What is evolution? | The process by which species may change over time. |
| What is gradualism? | Slow and steady change of a species over time. |
| What is a punctuated equilibrium? | Periods of rapid change in a species sepat |
| What is the age of the Earth to our best estimates? | 4.5 billion years old |
| What is radiometric dating? | The process of estimating the age of an object by measuring the content of certain radioactive isotopes |
| What is half life? | The time it takes for half of the radioactive sample to decay. |
| What have experiments shown scientists about the formation of the building blocks of bio molecules? | That they can be formed through natural processes. |
| What was the first living thing on Earth? | Prokaryotes. |
| How did early cyanobacteria affect the Earth's ecosystem? | It increased the oxygen content of the atmosphere. |
| Current evidence supports the idea that eukaryotes evolved from what types of organisms? | Prokaryotes. |
| What are the organelles that are believed to be symbiotic eubacteria? | Mitochondria and chloroplasts. |
| Name two of the evidence that supports the concept of endosymbiosis. | The size and stucture of both organelles is very similar to prokaryotes; and the two organelles have a ring of DNA like a prokaryote that is different from the DNA found in the nucleus. |
| Name 2 more of the evidence that supports the concept of endosymbiosis. | The ribosomes of these two organelles are the same size and structure of prokaryotes; and the method of production of organelles. |
| Multicellular organisms first appeared on Earth how long ago and what group are they members of? | 700 million years ago; protista |
| The Geologic Timeline is a history of the Earth that is divided into chunks based on what types of major events? | Mass extinction; New species appearing; Climatic change; and Geological Change |
| What is evolution? | The process by which species may change over time. |
| What is gradualism? | Slow and steady change of a species over time. |
| What is a punctuated equilibrium? | Periods of rapid change in a species sepat |
| What is the age of the Earth to our best estimates? | 4.5 billion years old |
| What is radiometric dating? | The process of estimating the age of an object by measuring the content of certain radioactive isotopes |
| What is half life? | The time it takes for half of the radioactive sample to decay. |
| What have experiments shown scientists about the formation of the building blocks of bio molecules? | That they can be formed through natural processes. |
| What was the first living thing on Earth? | Prokaryotes. |
| How did early cyanobacteria affect the Earth's ecosystem? | It increased the oxygen content of the atmosphere. |
| Current evidence supports the idea that eukaryotes evolved from what types of organisms? | Prokaryotes. |
| What are the organelles that are believed to be symbiotic eubacteria? | Mitochondria and chloroplasts. |
| Name two of the evidence that supports the concept of endosymbiosis. | The size and stucture of both organelles is very similar to prokaryotes; and the two organelles have a ring of DNA like a prokaryote that is different from the DNA found in the nucleus. |
| Name 2 more of the evidence that supports the concept of endosymbiosis. | The ribosomes of these two organelles are the same size and structure of prokaryotes; and the method of production of organelles. |
| Multicellular organisms first appeared on Earth how long ago and what group are they members of? | 700 million years ago; protista |
| The Geologic Timeline is a history of the Earth that is divided into chunks based on what types of major events? | Mass extinction; New species appearing; Climatic change; and Geological Change |
| What is evolution? | The process by which species may change over time. |
| What is gradualism? | Slow and steady change of a species over time. |
| What is a punctuated equilibrium? | Periods of rapid change in a species separated by periods of little or no charges. |
| Did Darwin discover evolution? | No, he supported it with new evidence. |
| What is the term for an explanation of observed natural events that is supported by a variety of different fields of science Is this the same as an opinion or educated guess? | Theory; no |
| Whose hypothesis states that "a giraffe who stretches his neck to reach leaves will get a longer neck and produce offspring with longer necks?" | Lamarckian Inheritance |
| What three scientists were considered to be among the first true geologists? | James Hutton, Charles Lyell, and George Cuvier |
| What specific idea of Lamarck had the greatest impact on Darwin? | That the environment was the catalyst for change. |
| What was the original purpose of the voyage of the HMS Beagle? | Map of a coastline of South America. |
| What chain of islands was one of the most important stops during the voyage of the Beagle? | Galapagos. |
| The idea was that all of Darwin's finch species come from one ancestral species is referred to as _________ | Descent with modification |
| What was the main idea of the 1798 Thomas Malthus essay, for which he won the Nobel Prize? | That the population was increasing faster than the food supply |
| Darwin condensed his thoughts on evolution into what three conclusions? | Many organisms produce more offspring than can survive; All populations are limited to their environment; Darwin included humans in this idea which caused problems for many people of the day. |
| How does natural selection define the overall success of a species? | Their reproductive success |
| Name four examples of species that we have a fairy complete record of change over time. | Horses, Diatoms, Plant species, and whales. |
| Why did Darwin wait so long to publish his research on evolution? | Because of the controversy surrounding the work of Lamarck and other scientists. |
| What finally prompted Darwin to release his ideas on evolution to the public? | Someone sent him and essay to review, and they went in it together. |
| What was the name of Darwin's 1859 books? How did the population respond to this book? | The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. The media made a joke of him, people purchased the book but criticized him in public and Religious leaders dissaproved. |
| List 3 parts of Darwin's hypothesis. | Variation exists within any population, Those better suited to survive will have more surviving offspring, and the traits of those survivors will become more common in the population. |
| List the 3 steps involved in the creation of a fossil from a recently deceased organism. | The organism must die and be buried quickly; the buried organism must be undisturbed for thousands of years; and the fossil must be exposed again to the surface so it can be found. |
| What of the total number of organisms that have ever lived on Earth are preserved in the fossil record? | Of the countless, a tiny fraction of them. |
| What particular locations would be most likely to produce future fossils? | Tar pit, swamp or bog, Close to a volcano that erupts ash on a regular basis, and low areas near a slow moving river. |
| What is an intermediate form? | Fossils of organism that bridge the gap between different major groups. |
| What are vestigial structures? | A structure that is reduced in size and funciton. |
| What are homologous structures? | Anatomical structures that are the same in different species |
| Do scientists sill use the term missing link? Why or why not? | No |
| Name 3 pairs of organisms for which there exists clear intermediate forms in the fossil record | Fish and amphibians; reptiles and birds; reptiles and mammals |
| The ancestor of the modern whale was a land creature that lived approximately how long ago? | 60 million years ago. |
| What structural features of the whale make scientists think that their ancestors once lived on land? | The little hind legs and their hips. |
| Which is a better indicator of evolutionary relationship: structure or function? | Structure. |
| Name 3 structures common to all vertebrates during early development: | Tail, pharyngeal pouches, and limb buds |
| Would two organisms with very similar DNA be more or less closely related to one another? | More |
| List the 4 factors in natural selection that are true for all populations: | Variation exists in all populations; Environment presents challenges in reproduction; More offspring are produced than can survive; and Individuals better able to cope with the challenges will have more offspring survive to reproduce themselves. |
| What factor determines the beak size and shape of the finches on the Galapagos islands? | The season that they are in. |
| Name 2 scientists that still study Galapagos finches today and have done so the past 30 years | Peter and Rosemary Grant. |
| What is Divergence? | Accumulation of differences between gulps. |
| What is speciation? | the process of a new species forming. |
| What two factors can lead to two groups being considered separate species? | If genetic differences between two populations increase and if the groups become unable to reproduce. |
| What reproductive barrier caused salamanders in California to diverge and for speciation to occur? | Geographic isolation. |
| What factors have led to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of some bacterial diseases? | The overuse of antibiotics has led to the increase in resistant varieties of bacteria; A few of the bacteria have a natural resistance to the antibiotic; and the few resist |
Created by:
ostiens97
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