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Bio Exam 2 PRS
PRS questions from chapters 14, 15, 16, 19
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Double-stranded DNA looks a little like a ladder that has been twisted into a helix, or spiral. The steps of the ladder are | pairs of bases |
| In addition to showing that DNA carries genetic information, the experiments using mice and Streptococcus demonstrated that | DNA may be taken up by bacterial cells and be active |
| Which of the following DNA sequences is complementary to 5' ATGGTCAGT 3'? | 5' ACTGACCAT 3' |
| Which of the following is not found in DNA? | Sulfur |
| Which of the following features summarizes the molecular architecture of DNA? | The two strands run in opposite directions The molecule twists in the same direction as the threads of most screws The molecule is a double-stranded helix It has a uniform diameter |
| The strands that make up DNA are antiparallel. This means that | the 5´-to-3´ direction of one strand is counter to the 5´-to-3´ direction of the other strand |
| The nitrogenous bases (and the two strands of the DNA double helix) are held together by | hydrogen bonds |
| The rules formulated by Chargaff state that in any DNA molecule | A = T and G = C |
| If a double-stranded DNA molecule contains 30 percent T, it must contain _______ percent G. | 20 |
| DNA polymerase requires a(n) | RNA primer |
| You are asked to give a classroom demonstration of DNA supercoiling. To do so, you take two different colored pieces of rubber tubing, twist them very tightly and excessively around each other and join the ends of the tubing appropriately. Next, you remov | topoisomerases |
| Why does DNA pol I carry the number one when it is not the polymerase responsible for the bulk of DNA synthesis? | DNA pol I was the first polymerase isolated from E. coli |
| During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for untwisting the DNA helix? | Helicase |
| Where are the Okazaki fragments found? | On the lagging strand |
| Which of the following accurately describes the leading strand and an Okazaki fragment during DNA replication? | Both the leading strand and the Okazaki fragment are synthesized in a 5’ to 3’ direction. |
| Name the enzyme that links Okazaki fragments | DNA ligase |
| Endonucleases and exonucleases are enzymes that can remove nucleotides. An endonuclease _______ while an exonuclease _____________. | cuts DNA internally; chews away at the end of DNA |
| What would be the immediate consequence of a non-functional primase enzyme? | The DNA polymerase III enzyme would have nothing to bind onto |
| What is the function of the gyrase enzyme? | Relieving the torque from rapid untwisting |
| Why does replication proceed in opposite directions on the leading and lagging strands? | DNA polymerase III can only add to the 3´ end of a strand |
| Eukaryotic organisms solve the problem of time constraints on replication of DNA by | using multiple origins of the replication on each chromosome, which results in multiple replicons |
| The enzyme that removes the RNA primers is called | DNA polymerase I |
| The enzyme DNA ligase is required continuously during DNA replication because | fragments of the lagging strand must be joined together |
| Which of the following is the correct order of events for synthesis of the lagging strand? | Primase adds RNA primer, DNA polymerase III creates a stretch, DNA polymerase I removes the primer, and ligase seals the gaps |
| DNA replication in eukaryotes differs from replication in bacteria because | there are many origins of replication in each eukaryotic chromosome and only one in bacterial DNA |
| Telomerase enzyme attaches the last few bases on the lagging strand, as cells age the telomerase activity drops. What would happen to the chromosomes in the absence of telomerase activity | Chromosomes would shorten during each division |
| Which of the following accurately describes the leading strand and an Okazaki fragment during DNA replication? | Both the leading strand and the Okazaki fragment are synthesized in a 5’ to 3’ direction. |
| Why does replication proceed in opposite directions on the leading and lagging strands? | DNA polymerase III can only add to the 3´ end of a strand |
| The enzyme that removes the RNA primers is called | DNA polymerase I |
| Genes code for | Enzymes Polypeptides rRNA tRNA |
| The number of codons that actually specify amino acids is | 61 |
| Which of the following single base substitutions in the transcribed strand of DNA would result in premature termination of translation? | ATG to ATT |
| mRNA is made by a(n) | DNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
| Where does eukaryotic transcription take place? | Nucleus |
| Eukaryotic mRNA molecules are modified | in the nucleus |
| What is the function of the 5´ cap and the 3´ poly-A-tail | Protects mRNA from degradation |
| Which of the following statements about the flow of genetic information is true | DNA encodes information that is transcribed into RNA, and RNA encodes information that is translated into proteins |
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smith6ms
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