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Penicillin
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Beta-lactam ring | Portion of penicillin chemical structure responsible for antibacterial activity. |
| Beta lactamase | General term use for any of several enzymes that split the 4 atom beta lactum ring structure |
| Penicillinase | A beta-lactamase that splits the ring in penicillin antibiotics |
| Penicillin-binding proteins(PBPs) | Enzymes used by bacteria to build bacterial cell walls that are targes for penicillins and r/t antibiotics. |
| peptidoglycan | A wall network of carbohydrates and protein chains. |
| Acquired resistance | When a microbe is no longer affected by a drug following treatment with anti-infectives. |
| Aerobic | Oxygen environment |
| Anaerobic | Without oxygen environment |
| Antibiotic | Substance produced by a microorganism that inhibits or kills other microorganisms. |
| Anti-infective | General term for any medication that is effective against pathogens. |
| Bacteriocidal | Substance that kills bacteria |
| Bacteriostatic | Inhibits growth of bacteria. |
| Broad-spectrum antibiotic | Effective against a wide range of microorganisms |
| Conjugation | Direct transfer of small pieces of DNA from one bacterium to another. |
| Culture and sensitivity testing (C&S) | Exposing the microbe to antibiotics to determine which antibiotic is effective. |
| Endotoxins | Harmful non-proteins that are part of the normal cell wall of gram-negative bacteria |
| Gram negative | Don’t stain purple because they have an outer envelope. |
| Gram positive | Bacteria that stain purple because they have no outer envelope |
| Host flora | Microorganisms that normally inhabit the body. |
| Invasiveness | Is the ability of a pathogen to grow extremely rapidly and cause direct damage to surrounding tissues by their sheer numbers |
| Microbial antagonism | Conditions of various host flora in competition with each other for physical space and nutrients that helps protect the host from being overrun by pathogenic organisms |
| Mutations | Bacteria makes errors in duplicating genetic codes. |
| Narrow-spectrum antibiotic | An anti-infective that is effective against only one or a small number of organisms. |
| Nosocomial infections | Infections inquired in a hospital. |
| Pathogenicity | Ability of an organism to cause disease in humans |
| Pathogens | Organisms capable of causing disease |
| Superinfections | New infection caused by an organism different from the one causing the initial infection; usually an adverse effect of anti-infective therapy. |
| Virulence | Severity of disease that a pathogen is able to cause. |
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