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Biology of C/T
Integument
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Q Which type of epidermis is smooth, nonhairy? | A Thick, as opposed to thin type being hairy. |
| Q What tissue is the hypodermis composed of? | A loose CT. Remember the hypodermis does NOT compose the skin. |
| Q List the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial | A Stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum |
| Q Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin? | A Stratum lucidum |
| Q Which layer of the epidermis contains dead cells, and no organelles? | A Stratum corneum |
| Q Like the stratum basale, the stratum spinosum is composed of cuboidal cells. What is the distinguishing characteristic of this layer? | A extensive desmosomes, or "prickle cells" and keratin tonofilaments which tightly hold the cells together, and give the "spiny" appearance. |
| Q The stratum basale rests on the basal lamina, and is highly mitotic. What other cells than cuboidal are found in its single layer? | A columnar |
| Q The stratum granulosum is the most superficial layer where living cells may be found. What gives this layer it's granular appearance? | A keratohyalin granules |
| Q membrane-bound lamellar bodies provide waterproofing of the skin. What layer are these found in? | A Stratum granulosum |
| Q Blood gives skin a pink color, melanin a brown, and carotene give which color? | A yellow |
| Q What is the predominant cell type in epidermal cells? | A keratinocytes from the surfac ectoderm |
| Q Melanocytes make melanin. What are these cells derived from? | A neural crest. the melanin is transported to stratum basale/spinosum |
| Q these antigen presenting cells originate in the bone marrow. | A Langerhans cells |
| Q What tissue composes the dermis? | A Dense irregular CT, which has variable thickness |
| Q What type of fibers are found in the dermis? | A Type 1 collagen and elastic fibers for strength and elasticity. This would lead to the fact that fibroblasts and macrophages are present in this tissue. |
| Q Which layer of the dermis is deep? | A reticular dermis is deep |
| Q the papillary dermis is superficial to the reticular dermis. What does it form? | A dermal papillae |
| Q What are used to bypass superficial capillaries and conserve heat/increase blood pressure? | A arteriovenous shunts |
| Q where are arterial/venous plexuses located? | A between papillary/reticular dermis, and between reticular/hypo dermis |
| Q What is the function of free n. endings? | A fine touch and temperature (abundant around hair follicles) |
| Q What are the two types of encapsulated n. endings? | A Meissners corpuscles for touch in the papillary dermis, and Pacinian corpuscles deep in the dermis and hypodermis for deep pressure and vibration |
| Q Eccrine sweat glands are widely distributed in thick/thin skin. What type of secretion occurs here, and what type of cells are they? | A merocrine secretion, meaning the cells do not die. Also, the secretory cells are simple cuboidal, while the ducts are strat. cuboidal. |
| Q Hair is only found in thin skin. What type of secretion is found in hair follicles? | holocrine secretion, where cell dies and essentially dumps it's secretion out by default. remember there are sebaceous glands in hair follicles, that secrete sebum for lubrication. |
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