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2/22 quiz LAB
skeleton II - 2/22 quiz LAB
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| vertebral column contains | 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (fused), 2 coccygeal vertebra |
| spinous (dorsal) process | wedge-shaped structure that extends posteriorly from the vertebra. Can be felt as a bump when running fingers down spinal column |
| lamina | bony plates, which fuse together |
| spina bifida | failure of lamina to fuse, which spinal cord exposed and can lead to spinal cord damage |
| transverse processes | extend laterally from either side of vertebra. Serve as muscle attachments, and rib attachments in thoracic region. |
| body | Most anterior portion. solid round or oval structure lies on the anterior aspect of vertebra |
| intervertebral discs | flat, cartilaginous discs placed between the vertebral bodies to cushion and reduce injury. Central portion is filled with paste-like material. |
| pedicles | attach to transverse processes to the body of the vertebra |
| vertebral foramen | central hole in vertebra |
| vertebral canal | spinal cord tunnels through the foramen spaces |
| superior & inferior articular processes | inferior articular process on one vertebra forms a joint (articulation) with superior articular process of the next vertebra in line |
| cervical vertebra contains (4) | transverse foramen, atlas, axis, dens (odontoid process) |
| cervical transverse foramen | 2 tunnels for important blood vessels to the brain |
| atlas | fist of the cervical vertebra lacks body. Very flat & forms articulation with occipital condyles, allowing the head to move up and down (Yes) |
| dens (odontoid process) | modified body. part of second cervical vertebra that extends into the atlas, creating a pivot joint that allows the head to rotate side to side (no) |
| axis | second cervical vertebra with a modified body called the dens (odontoid process), that extends into the atlas, creating a pivot joint that allows the head to rotate side to side (no) |
| thoracic vertebra | has an additional set of articular surfaces, rib facets, located at the transverse processes |
| rib facets | located on transverse processes of thoracic vertebra. Form a joint with posterior portion of the ribs. |
| lumbar vertebra | largest vertebra of spinal column. Big, have a single hole, lack rib facets |
| sacral vertebra | five sacral vertebra fuse together during development to form a single, solid unit, the sacrum, forming the posterior wall of the pelvis |
| sacrum | solid unit forms the posterior wall of pelvis. |
| coccygeal vertebra | 2 additional vertebra at the end of spinal column. Typically fused together, called the tailbone |
| thorax | composed of ribs and sternum |
| sternum | aka breastbone, lies medially in anterior thorax. |
| sternum body | main portion of sternum, serves as attachment for ribs at the front of the thorax. |
| manubrium | superior to sternum body. a triangular bone segment to which claviclesand first pair of ribs attach. |
| xiphoid process | cartilaginous part of the inferior end of the sternum |
| ribs | 24 thin , curved bones, arranged in pairs, that attach to the vertebra posteriorly and the sternum anteriorly. |
| costal cartilages | serve as connectors between ribs and sternum. More flexible and allow thorax to exapnd and contract for breathing. |
| true ribs | first 7 pairs of ribs have individual costal cartilages that attach the rib to the sternum |
| false ribs | remaining 5 pairs of ribs with a more indirect connection to sternum. First 3 pairs use shared costal cartilages, while final two floating ribs have no connection |
| floating ribs | final 2 flase ribs have no connection to the sternum at all. |
| appendicular skeleton | upper appendages of the skeleton including shoulder girdle and arms. |
| scapula (4) | large, flat, triangular bone located on the back of shoulder area on each side of body. Articulates with several bones in shoulder region. Has glenoid fossa, scapular spine, acromion process, caracoid process |
| glenoid fossa | oval depression on lateral side of scapula. Forms the "socket" part of the ball-and-socket joint of shoulder and articulates with humerus of upper arm |
| scapular spine | cutting diagonally across posterior scapula. Can be felt as a ridge on the superior, posterior shoulder region |
| acromion process | large, lateral extension of the scapular spine. Articulates with clavicle. Can be felt as a firm bump superior to the shoulder joint |
| coracoid process | smaller projection which lies just inferior to acromion process on the scapula. Serves as attachment point for certain muscles of the shoulder |
| clavicle | aka collar bone. Articulates with both acromion process(scapua) and manubrium (sternum). Felt as firm ridge across anterior shoulder |
| humerus (7) | upper arm bone. articulates with scapula & radius and ulna. Head, greater tubercle, capitulum (condyle), trochlea (condyle), medial & lateral epicondyle,olecranon fossa, coronoid fossa |
| head of humerous | large, rounded knob at superior end. "ball" of ball-and-socket shoulder joint and articulates with glenoid fossa (scapula) |
| greater tubercle | lateral to head of humerus. Large bump, important muscle attachment site, can be felt just inferiorly and slightly lateral to acromion process |
| capitulum | distal, lateral, rounded condyle, that articulates with radius. |
| trochlea | distal, medial side of humerus. Articulates with ulna. Shaped like pulley or spool and extends more distally than capitulum |
| medial & lateral epicondyle | just proximal to condyles large bumps can be felt on either side of humerus. Medial (more pronounced) is near trochlea, lateral near capitulum. |
| olecranon fossa | small depression posterior aspect of distal humerus. Makes space for proximal portion of ulna during elbow movement |
| coronoid fossa | smaller depression anterior aspect of distal humerus, creating space for another portion of ulna during movement. |
| ulna(4) | medial bone of lower arm, extending from elbow to little finger side of the hand. trochlear (semilunar) notch, olecranon process, coronoid process, styloid process of the ulna |
| trochlear (semilunar) notch | forms hinged-type joint with trochlea of humerus, allowing lower arm to move up and down. Trochlea fits neatly into this crecent shaped structure. |
| olecranon process | aka elbow. large bump posterior to trochlear notch |
| coronoid process | smaller projection at distal end of trochlear notch |
| styloid process of ulna | pointed projection at most distal end of ulna. felt as a bump on the posterior, medial wrist |
| radius (3) | lateral bone of lower arm, extending from elbow to thumb side. head, radial tuberosity, styloid process of radius |
| head of radius | forms pivot joint with capitulum of humerus, allowing hand turn over to the other side |
| radial tuberosity | small bump inferior to head of radius. serves as important muscle attachment |
| styloid process of radius | pointed projection at distal end of radius. felt as bump on lateral side of wrist |
| carpal bones | wrist: 8 bones held together with strong, broad ligaments that wrap around the wrist. slide across each other during movement. |
| metacarpal bones | hand: 5 bones |
| phalanges | Fingers: attached to each metacarpal bones. knuckles represent articulations between phalanges. Each finger has 3, thumb has 2 |
| transverse foramen | atlas, axis (dens), cervical |
| rib facet | thoracic |
Created by:
la66
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