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Cells & Tissues
Lymphoid System
| Questions | Answers |
|---|---|
| Q: What are the functions of the lymphoid system? | A: Return interstitial fluids to the blood, filter lymph & blood, and defense (immune response). |
| Q: What are the components of the lymphoid system? | A: The lymph vascular system, lymph, lymphatic tissue, and limphatic organs. |
| Q: What is the fluid of the lymphatic system called? | A: Lymph |
| Q: Where would you find lymphatic tissue? | A; In areas exposed to the external environment. |
| Q: Name the primary lymphatic organs? | A: Bone marrow & thymus |
| Q: Name the secondary lymphatic organs. | A: Lymph nodes, spleen, & tonsils. |
| Q: Where do lymphocytes originate? | A: In the bone marrow. |
| Q: Where does maturation of T-lymphocytes take place? | A: In the thymus. |
| Q: There are three parts to the lymph vascular system. Name them. | A: Lymph capillaries, lymph vessels, and lymph trunks. |
| Q: What do lymph trunks empty into? | A: Subclavian veins. |
| Q: In what part of the lymph vascular system would you find lymph nodes? | A: In the lymph vessels. |
| Q: What are the two main cell types in lymphatic tissues? | A: Reticular cell & lymphocytes |
| Q: You can find reticular cells in the thymus. What makes these different from reticular cells in other lymphatic tissues? | A: Reticular cells in the thymus DO NOT produce reticular fibers. |
| Q: What is the function of the thymus. | A: Maturation of T-lymphocytes. |
| Q: Reticular cells in the thymus are derived from endoderm and have a special name. What is that name? | A: Epithelial-reticular cells. |
| Q: Reticular cells of the lymphatic system, other than those found in the thymus, are derived from: | A: Mostly mesoderm (mesenchymal) |
| Q: These cells differentiate into plasma cells which secrete antibodies. | A: B-lymphocytes. |
| Q: B-lymphocytes are involved in what type of immunity? | A: Humoral immunity. |
| Q: T-lymphocytes are involved in what type of immunity? | A: Cellular immunity. |
| Q: What kinds of cells are abundant in nodules? | A: B-lymphocytes aka B-cells |
| Q: True or false: T-lymphocytes, aka T-cells, do not form nodules. | A: True. |
| Q: What is the main difference between primary and secondary lymph nodules? | A: Primary nodules are full of cells that have NOT been exposed to antigens. |
| Q: Through a microscope how could you differentiate between primary and secondary lymph nodules? | A: A primary nodule stains uniformly dense, while a secondary nodule has a lightly stained central region. |
| Q: True or False: In secondary nodules you will find cells responding to antigens by proliferating and differentiating into plasma cells. | A: True. |
| Q: Where would you find unencapsulated lymphoid tissue? | A: In the eppendix, digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary tracts, and Peyers patches in the ileum. |
| Q: Do I understand what unencapsulated lymphoid tissue is? | A: No. Maybe you took better notes. |
| Q: Name the different types of tonsils. | A: Palatine, pharyngeal, and lingual. |
| Q: What type of epithelium do tonsils have? | A: Both palatine & lingual are stratified squamous non-keratinized and pharyngeal is PCCE. |
| Q: Palatine tonsils are paired. Where are they located. | A: Lateral wall of oral pharynx. |
| Q: Pharyngeal tonsils are single. Where are they located? | A: Superior-posterior portion of pharynx. |
| Q: Lingual tonsils are numerous. Where are they located? | A: Base of the tongue. |
| Q: Hypertrophy of what type of tonsils produce adenoids? | A: Pharyngeal. |
| Q: What is the "business" portion of a lymph node? | A: Parenchyma |
| Q: Name the portions of the parenchyma and what can be found in each. | A: Cortex, paracortex, & medulla. The cortex contains accumulations of B-cells, paracortex contains accumulations of T-cells, medulla contains cellular cords & sinuses. |
| Q: How does lymph normally enter a lymph node? | A: Affarent lymphatics penetrate the capsule. |
| Q: How does lymph normally exit a lymph node? | A: Efferent lymphatics exit at the hilum. |
| Q: How does blood normally enter a lymph node? | A: Through arteries that enter at the hilum. |
| Q: How does blood normally exit a lymph node? | A: Through veins that exit at the hilum. |
| Q: What is the largest lymphoid organ? | A: The spleen. |
| Q: What is the function of the spleen? | A: The spleen filters blood. |
| Q: True or false: The spleen has both efferent & afferent lymphatics. | A: FALSE! The spleen only has efferent lymphatics. |
| Q: What is the major difference between lymph nodes and the spleen. | A: Lymph nodes filter lymph, the spleen filters blood. |
| Q: Is the circulation in the spleen open or closed. | A: It is an open circulation. |
| Q: Are the capillaries in the spleen continuous, fenestrated, or sinusoidal? | A: Sinusoidal. |
| Q: True or false: Waldeyer's ring contains three sets of lymph nodes. | A: True! Waldeyer's ring is found in the proximal portion of the digestive tract and contains the three different types of tonsils. |
| Q: True or false: Lymph nodes contain both afferent & efferent lymphatic vessels. | A: True! |
| Q: Where would you find cords of Bilroth? | A: In the red pulp of the spleen. |
| Q: What are the layers of the parenchyma, or splenic pulp, of the spleen? | A: White pulp, red pulp, and the marginal zone. |
| Q: The medullary portion of lymph nodes are normally filled with what? | A: Mostly B-cells with some plasma cells. |
| Q: Walk through the blood flow of the spleen. | A: Trabecular arteries, central arteries, penicillar arteries (arterioles), arterial capilaries, sinusoids, red pulp veins, trabecular veins, splenic vein. |
| Q: Where would you find the marginal zone of the spleen? | A: Between the red pulp and white pulp. |
| Q: What do you find in the white pulp? | A: Lymphocytes - mostly B-cells. |
Created by:
SquallKing
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