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Plant Biology 3180
Chapters 1-6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. | nternal organelles and lack of nucleus, just a nuclid |
| The general structure and organelles found in a typical plant cell. | chloroplast, mitochondria, vaccule, nucleus, cell wall, 2nd cell wall (some), plasmadesmata( holes), middle lamella, GA, ER, RER, Ribosome |
| We spent a lot of time talking about the plant cell walls and how they made and how the cell wall changes during cell differentiation. You should think about this broadly. | cell wall->2nd cell wall in cells that are less subjective to change and growth (xylem and phloem), built from the outside, predisposed pattern |
| What is the difference between primary and secondary walls; which cells have what types of cell walls. | primary cell walls=more flexible, plasmadesmata work better -secondary cell walls= sturdier, essential for structure, thicker, pd is blocked more, older |
| Know the major cell and tissue types that make up the primary and secondary plant body; what are simple versus complex tissues. | meristimatic cells(3 sites of active cell division-apical/root meristem, vascular cambium, cork cambium) -simple nonmeristematic cells=one cell that stands by itself (parenchyma) -complex nonmeristematic cells=multiple cells that function as one tissue |
| Where are the primary xylem (trachieds, vessels) and phloem (sieve cell) located. | - xylem->inside -phloem-> outside -vascular cambium is inbetween |
| How are secondary vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) generated and what controls secondary growth. What cell types are present in secondary tissues. | vascular cambium generates 2nd vascular tissues controls??? envrionment??? genes? condition of the plant |
| Where is the cork cambium located and what is its role. | betwixt the cork and the phloem, and it is to protect the vascular tissue and retain water |
| How do the meristems give rise to the plant body (i.e., function of apical meristem, lateral bud, root meristem) | Rapid cell division, stimulated by auxin Aprical Meristem- gives rise to new shoots and leaves Lateral Bud- gives rise to lateral shoots and leaves Root meristems give rise to new root structure and root hairs |
| Know what the various arrangement of steles are - protostele, eustele, etc. | Prostele-oldest, xylem in circle and phloem around eustele- candy corn actinostele- cross siphonostele- straw polystele- m&m in a pentagram |
| Organization of primary xylem and primary phloem in monocots and dicots; and secondary xylem and secondary phloem in dicots | monocots- scattered about (like a cookie) dicots- circular, pattern(-stele shit) |
| What factors regulate whether a plant grows in a determinate or indeterminate manner? | determinants-annuals biannuals indeterminants- prennials |
| What factors make a plant go dormant? | temperture, light, phytohormones(auxin and cytokinis decrease and abscissic acid and ethlyene increase, nutrients, gibberellis increase will bring a plant out of dormancy |
| What makes a plant change from vegetative growth (juvenile) to floral development (mature)? | environmental factors (nutrients, light, etc) |
| What are the whorls of a flower, how did they arise, and how flowers vary among major groups of angiosperms (i.e., monocots versus dicots)? | sepals, petals, stamens, carpels -arose from folding plants -3vs4,5 |
| What do we mean by the gametophytic generation and the sporophytic generation | sporphytic generation is diploid gametophytic generation is haploid |
| Which whorls of the flower are sporophyllous; what are microspores and megaspores? | sporophyllous-reproductive organs micro-male mega- female |
| What makes a flower perfect or imperfect? Complete or incomplete? | perfect-both of the reproductive organ imperfect-only one or none complete- all 4 whorls imperfect- missing one |
| What is monoecious versus dioecious? | mono- all on the di- one on a different flower |
| What is the structure of the egg apparatus and how does it arise? How is pollen formed? | 2 polar nucli and the center and the egg on the bottom, with synergids around the egg, and 3 antipodals above the egg mitosis, tetrad, meiosis, 4 microgametophytes each with a generative cell nucleus and a vegatative cell nucleus |
| What occurs in the process of double fertilization? | makes embryo and endosperm |
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