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Unit 2 Meds
Renal Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Erythropoientin | stimulates RBC production, natural replacement; subcut injection given with dialysis; will not see immediate results: 2-3 weeks |
| Aranesp | Longer acting erythropoientin; not given as frequently; depends on Hgb level |
| Venofer | Iron supplement for chronic kidney disease; given IV, watch for hypotension; given with or without erythropoieten |
| Ferrlecit | iron supplement for chronic kidney disease; given IV, must be given with erythropoieten**MUST give "test dose" 25mg IVPB over 1h. If ok, give full dose, 125mg, IVPB over 15-30 min |
| Ringer's Solution | isotonic; contains electrolytes, no calories |
| Lactated Ringers | isotonic; contain bi carbonate, no free water, no calories, replaces vascular fluid |
| Albumin | blood product; protein,often give during dialysis; not used as nutrition supplement; given to pull fluid back into vascular space; helps maintain bp |
| Potassium Chloride | Helps treat hypokalemia; Never given IVP, subcut or IM. PO or IV. Hard on stomach. Peripheral IV=10 mEq/h; central line=20 mEq/h |
| ibuprofen | anti-inflammatory/anti-pyretic,1st choice for fever, NSAID, lower risk of bleeding, can cause GI upset |
| Aspirin | anti-inflammatory/anti-pyretic, can cause bleeding, GI upset, NSAID, watch for renal impairment, tinnitus--sign of toxicity; not a blood thinner, decreases platelet aggregation |
| Acetaminophen | analgesic/anti-pyretic, does not cause bleeding, does not decrease platelet aggregation, not an anti-inflammatory; hepotoxic |
| Vitamin B | co-enzyme for carbohydrate metabolism |
| Vitamin C | assists in synthesis of collagen in new capillaries |
| Vitamin A | accelerates new tissue growth (wound healing) |
| Vitamin D | plays critical role regulating metabolism of calcium & phosphorous |
| Bactrim (TMP/SMX) | antibiotic for uti; contains sulfa, inhibit synthesis of folic acid, may cause photo sensitivity**report rash immediately, Steven Johnson's Syndrome |
| Macrodantin | urinary antiseptic, activation by enzymes in uti bacteria; therapeutic levels only reached in urine; may cause GI upset, take w/meals; avoid sunlight**may cause Acute Alveolar Infiltrate** chest pain, crackles in lungs |
| Macrobid | long-acting macrodantin--urinary antiseptic, activation by enzymes in uti bacteria; therapeutic levels only reached in urine; may cause GI upset, take w/meals; avoid sunlight**may cause Acute Alveolar Infiltrate** chest pain, crackles in lungs |
| Cipro | fluoroquinolone; active against broad-spectrum of bacterial pathogens; used to treat uti; watch for yeast infection mouth or vaginal; use caution in elderly, may cause confusion or psychosis; avoid sunlight; do not give with dairy or iron |
| Flagyl | antifungal; treats protozoal infections; may be given IV or PO;treats c-diff (PO only); may leave metallic taste in mouth; harmless darkening of urine; need to avoid ETOH |
| Mycelex | topical or PO antifungal; treats yeast infection |
| Mycostatin | powder or swish & spit antifungal; for candidiasis of skin or mouth; |
| Diflucan | antifungal; used to treat yeast infection, thrush, candidiasis; PO |
| Pyridium | urinary analgesic, helps alleviate symptoms of uti, decreases irritability; turns urine reddish/orange color; long term use may cause anemia |
| adriamycin | for invasive bladder cancer; suppresses bone marrow, cardio toxic**only given through central line** red color to urine & sweat |
| Platinol | used for invasive bladder cancer;can cause kidney failure; pre-med w/zofran, nausea/vomit w/in first hour; ototoxic; mild bone marrow suppressor |
| Methotrexate | chemo agent--bladder & renal cancer; immunosuppressant; hepatic & renal damage |
| 5FU | inhibits DNA synthesis; given IV; bone marrow suppression, neutropenia, stomatitis, alopecia |
| FUDR | inhibits DNA synthesis; bone marrow suppression; neutropenia, stomatitis, alopecia |
| Gemzar | inhibits DNA synthesis; bone marrow suppression; nausea, vomiting, alopecia; can have infusion reaction--hypotenion, flushing--decrease rate of infusion |
| BCG | live TB vaccine, used directly in bladder--causes local inflammation response which shrinks tumor; dysuria, hematuria, urgency CONTRAINDICATIONS: immunosuppressed or active uti |
| ditropan/detrol | anti-cholenergic; treats urge incontinence; |
| Bentyl | similar to muscle relaxant, reduces OAB contraction in urge incontinence; muscineric antagonist |
| flomax | for prostate; alpha adrenergic blocker; reduces urethral sphincter resistance; used in men with BPH to increase urine flow; sphincter dilator; works within 2 weeks |
| Proscar | used to treat bph; used to decrease prostate size; 5 alpha reductase inhibitor; several months for noticeable effects |
| premarin | used to increase host defenses against uti; local/topical application |
| enablex | anti-cholenergic; muscerinic antagonist; used for OAB; avoid with liver failure |
| Urecholine | used for urinary retention; relaxes muscles & increases voiding pressure |
| Vesicare | anti-cholenergic; used for OAB, urge incontinence; avoid w/liver failure |
| kayexalate | used for hyperkalemia; PO or retention enema; gives Na, pulls out K, creates diarrhea; will cause Na & water retention, be alerts with CHF pts & cardiac pts. |
| Calcium gluconate | protects heart from K; given IVP or IVPB; 10mL amp to prevent arrhythmias; given quickly will increase bp |
| sodium bicarbonate | temp puts K back into cells; given in large vein, IVP, thick & hard to push, caustic to vein; 50-100mL |
| Insulin &D50 | treats hyperkalemia; push D50 first, insulin helps push K back into cells |
| mucomyst | kidney protector for IV dye given w/CT contrast |
| renagel | Ca free phosphate binder; binds to bile salts, reduces cholesterol; expensive; given to cardiac pts |
| phoslo | Ca phosphate binder; give to pts without cardiac issues; inexpensive |
| sensipar | regulates Ca; works in parathyroid gland; prevents hyperparathyroidism in ESRD; only used on dialysis pts |
| Rocaltrol | active form of vitamin D; can be given in addition to phoslo or renagel; given if pt has decreased Ca level |
| fosrenol | Ca free phosphate binder; expensive; give to pts with cardiac issues |
| mag ox | replaces Mg; used for constipation |
| Pro Amatine | given to increase bp during hemodialysis |
| Lasix | loop diuretic; excretes K |
| Bumex | loop diuretic; excretes K |
Created by:
divelmama
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