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Biology of C/T
Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Q Where is speech generated? | A In the larynx, which contains hyaline and elastic cartilage. |
| Q What type of cells are found lining all large conducting passageways? | A PCCE |
| Q The laryngeal surface (larynx side) contains PCCE, but the lingual surface(pharynx side) does not. What does it contain? | A Stratified, squamous, nonkeratinized epithelium. |
| Q False vocal cords, composed of PCCE have numerous glands in lamina propia. What is are the true vocal cords composed of? | A strat. squam. nonker. epithelium. They do not have glands, and the vocalis m./vocal ligament are present for speech. |
| Q Which direction do hyaline cartilage rings inthe trachea open, and what are the ends of those rings connected with? | A 16-20 c-shaped rings open posteriorly, and are connected by the trachealis m./fibroelastic ligament. |
| Q What three segments are considered "conducting passages" of the lung? | A Bronchi/bronchus, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles. |
| Q What structures does the "respiratory passage" of the lungs consist of? | A Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli |
| Q Where do extrapulmonary bronchi enter the lungs? | A Hilum |
| Q How is a bronchus distinguished from a bronchiole? | A By the presence of cartilage plates |
| Q How are bronchioles distinguished from bronchi? | A Smooth m. takes the place of cartilage, and PCCE has goblet cells |
| Q Terminal bronchioles do not have PCCE. What are they lined with? | A simple columnar ciliated epithelium |
| Q Where bronchioles have goblet cells, terminal bronchioles do not b/c the mucous would clog the lumen. What secretory cells are found instead? | A Clara cells, which are non-ciliated secretory cells. These are also found in respiratory bronchioles. |
| Q Respiratory bronchioles are lined with type of cells, and what structures are interspersed in the walls? | A cuboidal ciliated epithelium, with alveoli in walls. |
| Q What cells are found in the CT of the alveolar septum? | A fibroblasts and mast cells |
| Q which type of cell makes up the majority of the alveolar wall, and has a very thin squamous epithelium? | A type 1, with the thin epithelium for air passage |
| Q What do type 2 cells do, and where are they found? | A secrete surfactant from the corners of alveoli. These cells are thicker than type 1 as well. |
| Q Where are macrophages/ "dust cells" located? | A in alveolar spaces, as part of the alveolar septum |
| Q are reticular fibers found in the alveolar septum? | A Yes |
| Q Alveolar pores are between adjacent alveoli. What is their function? | A to equalize pressure |
| Q Pulmonary circulation uses what vessels? | A pulmonary arteries, capillaries surrounding each alveolus, pulmonary veins |
| Q bronchial circulation extends to respiratory bronchioles, and then anastomoses with what? | A pulmonary circulation |
| Q do trerminal bronchioles have alveoli? | A NO, but everything distal does. |
| Q Aside from fibroblasts, mast cells, and dust cells, what are components of the alveolar septum? | A alveolar epithelium, basal lamina, capillaries, and reticular fibers. See bottom pg 352 in book for visual. |
| Q is PCCE found in the alveoli? | A NO NO NO |
| Q Which direction do the ciliated cells of the resp. tract beat? | A towards the pharynx |
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