Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Circulatory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Transport medium? | Transport Medium - Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients from intestines to cells, and wastes from cells to kidneys |
| chars. of blood. Connective, protection, regulatory tissues? | PT=against fluid loss if we cut ourselves (homeostasis - blood clotting); CT=able to clot and made up of diff functioning cell; RT= regulates fluid volume, Equalize temperature throughout the body Regulates pH of tissues |
| visocity of blood? | Measure of viscosity(Thickness of liquid or how fast it flows through something) - blood is 5 times more thicker than water |
| dense, iron, pH, liters? | It is slightly denser than water but is mostly made up of water Blood contains iron (which is a lot heavier than water) pH is from 7.35-7.45 ---- slightly basic 5 liters of blood in an adult body |
| 2 parts of blood? how much % of body? | plasma (fluid part made 90% of water) (55% of blood) formed elements (cells and cell parts produced by the bone marrow) (45% of blood) |
| 3 types of proteins found in the plasmaa? | Globulins - acts as carrier proteins or fighting off infections Albumin - regulates the movement of water btw tissues and the blood Fibrinogen - deals with blood clotting |
| Formed elements? %? | 99% of the formed elements are red blood cells (erythrocytes) round, disk shaped cells; 1% is leukocytes (white blood cells) and platelets |
| Red blood cells. name? percent? job? | 99% of the formed elements are red blood cells (erythrocytes) round, disk shaped cells Carry oxygen in blood Oxygen is non-polar so it needs a carrier (hemoglobin) to travel in the blood |
| White blood cells? name? job? | 1% is leukocytes (white blood cells) and platelets WBC perform various defensive functions (fight off infections) Platelets are cell fragments important in preventing blood loss |
| composition of blood. plasma and formed elements? %? | Plasma = 90% water and 10% proteins Formed elements = 99% RBC and 1% WBC and platelets |
| RBC. shape, oxygen, hemoglobin? | s=more surface area=more efficient gas exchange (bc of the center imprint on the top and bottom of the cell) Carry oxygen on hemoglobin - a protein/iron complex that is responsible for the red color of blood Hemoglobin is made of 4 proteins |
| RBC. iron? nucleus? howw many a second are made? | One iron atom is bound in the middle of each heme Oxygen binds to the iron in the heme RBC have no nucleus (a-nucleate) live for about 4 months 2 million RBC are made every second in bone marrow |
| anemia. what? symtoms? | Lack of RBC or lack of hemoglobin, resulting in low iron levels in the blood Symptoms: fatigue, pale skin, breathlessness on exertion |
| WBA.psuedopod, diapedesis, chemotaxis? | Exhibit amoeboid movement (push out an extension (pseudopod) and then flow into it;Allows tosqueeze through the blood vessels and into the tissues=diapedesis ;Chemotaxis = attraction of cells to chemical stimuli (Allows WBC to get right to the infection) |
| 2 groups of WBA: granulocytes and agranulocytes? | Split into 2 groups: Granulocytes - have vesicles that are filed with a substance which stain easily and has a granular look Agranulocytes - small vesicles, not easily stained which make them appear smooth |
| WBA 1: Neutrophils | 1. Neutrophils - most common Phagocytize(eat up) infections several lobes in their nuclei granulocytes |
| WBA 2: Basophils (histamine?) | 2. Basophils - rarest and stain blue Granulocytes 2 lobes in nucleus increase during allergic reactions release histamine (promotes inflammation) and heparin (prevents blood from clotting locally to bring the antibodies to the infection) |
| WBA 3: Eosinophils | 3. Eosinophils - 2 lobed nuclei Granulocytes decreases inflammation during allergic reactions |
| WBA 4:lymphocytes | 4. Lymphocytes - 2nd most common agranulocytes produce antibdoies, which are proteins that specifically prtect against forgein invaders |
| WBA 5: monocytes | biggest blood cells kidney beaned shape destroy invading organisms by phagocytosis kill 10 times more bacteria than neutrophils before they die called macrophages when they live in tissue to fight infection instead of being in the blood stream |
| hemopoiesis | Hemopoiesis Process of by which the formed elements of the blood are made Made in bone marrow by the stem cells found there |
| blood as a CT? | It has cells It has protein fibers that are activated during coagulation (blood clotting) Its matrix (material btw the cells) is plasma |
| stage one of hemostasis? | 1. Vas-constrictive Stage - Blood vessels tighten and constrict to close the hole caused by a busted blood vessel |
| stage 2A of hemostasis? | Platelet Plug - Platelets swell, get sticky, plugging up the hole When a blood vessel is broken, collagen fibers are exposed Platelets bind to the collagen Release Chemicals - Thromboxane - causes platelets to stick together even more. |
| stage 2B of hemostasis? | 2B. The plug that forms is called a Thrombus Sometimes a thrombus can form due to rough blood vessels from clogged arteries forming a platelet plug - this is bad! - leads to lack of blood flow to organs Ex. - Coronary Thrombosis = heart attack |
| Stage 2C of hemostasis? | 2C. Another type of clot - An Embolus - occurs when a clot forms in th ebody and then breaks loose and ravels in the bloodstream Can end up in the brain or lungs = deadly |
| Stage 3A of hemostasis? | 3. The liver produces prothrombin and it eneters the bloodstream |
| Stage 3B of homeostasis? | 3B. Prothrombin is turned into thrombin by an enzyme, prothrombinase, which is release during tissue damage |
| Stage 3C of homeostasis? | 3C. Thrombin and fibrinogen interact, causing it to turn into fibrin, which forms long fibers, which form a blood clot |
| anticoagulants? | Anticoagulants Prevent certain factors from being activated, so it stops the clotting by stopping certain steps within the clotting cascade |
| blood types? | Depends on certain molecules (antigens) that are on the surface of the RBC Types: A, AB, B, O |
| Antigen? | Antigen - a protein that triggers the production of an antibody when introduced into the blood. Antigens trigger an immune response from the body bc antibodies are a way of fighting off invaders |
| antigens on the 4 blood types? | Type A has A antigens on their surfaces&antibodies against B type AB has A and B antigens on its surface if the RBC has neither A nor B antigens, its type is O AB is the universal receiver; wont produce antibodies against A or B |
| universal donor? | O is universal donor; will produce antibodies |
| genetics and blood type examples? | A and B are co-dominant O is recessive to A and B One parent gives A and the other O, the child gets A One parent gives A and the other B, the child gets AB |
| rH antigens. pos, neg, factor? | Rh positive (85% of ppl) - has the Rh antigens on the surface of the RBC Rh negative - no antigens (wo antigens, it can still produce antibodies) Rh factor is a separate gene from blood type |
| rH factors | People who are Rh neg can produce antibodies against Rh pos antigens This only happens after the first exposure, which will not cause serious problems This, however, allows the body time to produce antibodies against the Rh pos antigens |
| what kind of system do hhuman have of blood flow? | Humans have a closed circulatory system, where the heart pumps blood through enclosed blood vessels |
| 3 types of vessels? | Arteries - carry blood away from the heart Capillaries - tiny, thin, walled vessels that allows for exchange of gases and nutrients btw cells in tissues and blood Veins - carry blood back to the heart |
| 2 divisions of the circulatory system? | Pulmonary - circulation of the blood over the air sacs of the lungs (Blood from the heart to lungs) Systematic - circulation of the blood through the other tissues of the body (Blood to the tissues to deliver oxygen and pick up carbon dioxide waste) |
| Veins and arteries. what kind of blood? | Systemic only! Veins cary deoxygenated blood Arteries carry oxygenated blood |
| flow of blood. right and left side? | The right side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood from the tissues and then sends it to the lungs The Left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and then pumps it out to the tissues of the body |
| heart anatomy. atria and ventricles? | 4 Chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles The atria are the entrances to the heart and have thin walls The ventricles have thick walls Right and Left atria have flap like extensions called auricles |
| superior and inferior vena cava? | Superior vena cava - brings blood from the upper body tissue to the heart Inferior Vena Cava - brings blood from the lower body tissues to the heart |
| 4 pulmonary veins? | 4 pulmonary veins (2 right 2 left) bring blood from the lungs into the heart |
| 2 main arteries of the heart | Pulmonary Trunk - carries blood from the heart towards the lungs and branches out into the right and left pulmonary arteries Aorta - carries blood that is being sent to the other body tissues |
| papillary muscles? chordae tendineae? | Connect the tricuspid valve to the ventricles and the chordae tendineae contract when the ventricles contract to keep the valve from bowing into the atrium Chordae Tendineae connect the valve cusps to the papillary |
| tricuspid valve? | The Tricuspid valve helps regulate blood flow through this right atrioventricular canal The valve opens and closes passively based on the contraction and relaxation of the ventricle |
| Right atrium? | Connect to the in. vena cava, the superior vena cava, and the coronary sinus; It leads to the right ventricle through the right atrioventricular;T valve helps regulate blood flow through this right atrioventricular canal |
| left atrium | receives blood from the 4 pulmonary veins and then flows through the left atrioventricular canal to the left ventricle The left atrium is separated from the left ventricle by the bicuspid or the mitral valve |
| left and right ventricle | The left ventricle empties into the aorta the right ventricle empties into the pulmonary trunk The left and right ventricles are separated by the inter ventricular septum (the muscular wall they both share) |
| semilunar valves? | The aorta and pulmonary trunk are separated from their ventricles by semilunar valves shaped like a half moon The ensue on way flow of blood |
| Systemic and pulmonary circulation | veins carry deoxygenated blood and arteries carry oxygenated blood in systematic cirulation It the opposite for pulmonary ciruculation Both atria acontract at the same time and both ventricules contract at the same time |
| cardiac muscle? | Innovatory striated AP are conducted from one cell to another Self-stimulatory = creates its own AP Can be influenced by parasympathetic and sympathetic but not generated by the ANS |
| Flow of blood? | |
| how are AP generated in cardiac muscle? | AP are generated by special bundles of cardiac muscle known as nodal tissue, which acts as nervoud and muscle tissue 2 clumps of nodal tissue: sinoatrial (SA node) and atrioventricular node (AV node) |
| SA node | called pacemaker for heart Spontaneously generate AP which cause the aria to contract the AP is carried to the AV node |
| 2 phases of cardiac cycle? | Systolic (means to contract) - when the ventricle contract Diastolic (means to relax) - when the ventricle relax |
| Blood pressure and the cardiac cycle | The first number in the blood pressure is the systolic pressure and refers to the pressure in the aorta when the ventricle contract - this is the max pressure the aorta experiences |
| heartbeat sound? | The sound you hear when listening to a heart beat is the closing of your valves |
| 3 layers of blod vessels? | composed of 3 layers: the one closest to eh blood is the thinnest THe middle layer is made of smooth muscle the outer layer is made of CT Veins and arteries have the same 3 layers, but VEINS are thinner bc they carry blood with less pressure |
| how the blood pressure returns to the heart? | The heart pumps blood away from itself, but has no control over its return Skeletal muscle movements help squeeze blood back to the heart One way valves in veins prevent back flow |
Created by:
Ktfic
Popular Biology sets