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Chp. 8 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring. | Heredity |
| The science of heredity and of the mechanisms by which traits are passed from parents to offspring. | Genetics |
| A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits. | Monohybrid Cross |
| Describes organisms or genotype that are homozygous for a specific trait and thus always produce offspring that have the same phenotype for that trait. | True-breeding |
| Parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross. | P Generation |
| The first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms. | F1 Generation |
| The second generation of offspring, obtained from an eexperimental cross of two organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation. | F2 Generation |
| One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a chacateristic, such as hair color. | Allele |
| The stronger trait. | Dominant |
| The weaker trait. | Recessive |
| Describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes. | Homozygous |
| Describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait. | Heterozygous |
| The entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits. | Genotype |
| An organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism's genotype and the enironment. | Phenotype |
| Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete. | Law of Segregation |
| The law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis. | Law of Independent Assortment |
| A graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross. | Punnett Square |
| The crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine with unknow genotype. | Test Cross |
| The likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event; the mathematical ratio of the number of times one outcome of any event is likely to occur to the number of possible outcomes of the event. | Probability |
| A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family. | Pedigree |
| Is carried on the X chromosome and is recessive. | Sex-linked Trait |
| When several genes influence a character. | Polygenic Inheritance |
| A condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual's two parents because the dominant allele is unable to express itself fully. | Incomplete Dominance |
| More than two alleles (versions of the gene) for a genetic trait. | multiple Alleles |
| A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed. | Codominance |
Created by:
ohawkins
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