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Synapses & Neural
Synapses & neural pools
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is exocytosis? | releasing of neurontransmitters across a synaptic cleft |
| What is a gap junction? | |
| What do electrical synapses consist of? | gap junctions |
| Why do electrical synapses connect to neurons? | to allow direct flow of ions & molecules from one neuron to another. |
| It is very _____ for electrical synapses to be in adults. | sparse |
| In electrical synapses, transmission is very _____ (speed) | rapid |
| What type of tissue are electrical synapses abundant in? | embryonic nervous tissue development |
| What is a chemical synapse? | a synapse specialized for release and reception of chemical neurotransmitters |
| What are chemical synapses made up of? 2 things | axon terminal with synaptic vesicles and receptor regions |
| What do synaptic vesicles contain? | neurotransmitter molecules |
| How can the affects of a neurotransmitter be stopped? | by either being combined with other proteins, enzymatic degradation, or diffusion away from the synapse. |
| The following is a list of __________ : Acetocholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, histamine, seratonin, ATP, and nitrous oxide | neurotransmitters |
| what are neurotransmitters? | |
| What are neural pools? | groups of neurons that integrate info received from the receptors and then forward the processed information to other destinations |
| Neural pools are arranged in ______. | circuts |
| What are circuits? | patterns of synaptic connections which will determine the pool's functional capabilities |
| What are the 4 types of circuits? | Diverging, Converging, Reverberating, Parallel after discharge |
| What are diverging circuits? | circuits that spread out in different directions |
| What happens in diverging circuits? | one incoming fiber triggers an increasing number of fibers that are farther and farther within the circuit. |
| What are converging circuits? | circuit patter is opposite of diverging |
| Where are converging circuits common? | in the sensory and motor division of the PNS |
| In converging circuits where does the neuronal pool recieve input from? | several presynaptic neurons |
| Converging circuits have a ____ Effect | funneling or concentrating effect |
| What are reverberating circuits? | circuits where the incoming signal travels through a chain of neurons, each of which makes a collateral synapse with neurons in previous parts of its pathway |
| What is a collateral neuron | a neuron with 2 axons that go in a branching pattern |
| What is positive feedback in reverberating circuits? | continual output signal that is given until one neuron fails to fire in circuit |
| Reverberating circuits are responsible for what? | rhythmic activities like heart rate and breathing |
| What are parallel after discharge circuits? | where an incoming fiber stimulates several neurons arranged in parallel arrays that eventually stimulate common output cells |
| Parallel after discharge circuits are involved in what? | complex activities, problem solving, math, and learning |
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