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Chapter 3 Test Revie
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Process which formed the Himalaya Mountains | colliding tectonic plates |
| most geologically active region on the surface of Earth | boundaries between tectonic plates |
| producers of oxygen | plants |
| ozone layer location | stratosphere |
| Large-scale atmospheric phenomena caused by air that is constantly in motion | weather |
| The Richter scale describes | magnitude of an earthquake |
| molten rock in upper mantle | magma |
| Earth’s densest atmospheric layer | troposphere |
| mechanisms of energy transfer through or within Earth’s atmosphere | radiation, conduction, and convection |
| This causes air to be denser near Earth’s surface | Gravity |
| The greenhouse effect allows the Earth’s atmosphere to do this | trap heat |
| all of the water on or near Earth’s surface | hydrosphere |
| Where is most of the fresh water on Earth located | in ice caps and glaciers |
| Ocean water contains more of this than fresh water | salts |
| Deep currents can be found here | ocean floor |
| Surface currents circulate in different directions, depending on this | hemisphere location |
| With respect to energy, Earth is what type of system | open system |
| Part of Earth that encompasses all areas where organisms can obtain the energy they need | biosphere |
| Cause of currents at the surface of the ocean | wind. |
| With respect to matter, Earth is mostly this type of system | a closed system |
| Percentage of the Earths atmosphere that is Nitrogren | 78% |
| Percentage of the Earths atmosphere that is oxygen | 21% |
| Percentage of suns energy absorbed by Earth’s surface | 50% |
| Percentage of Chlorine as a dissolved solid in the oceans | 55% |
| The Richter scale measures the amount of energy released by this | earthquake |
| Earth’s thin outer layer | crust |
| Seismologists use these to learn about the interior structure of Earth through measurement of the speed and direction | seismic waves |
| Area where most of the geological activity at the surface of Earth takes place | boundaries between tectonic plates |
| The removal and transport of surface material by water and wind | erosion |
| vibration caused when there is movement along a fault | earthquake |
| large volcanic eruption can reduce the amount of this that reaches Earth’s surface due to ash and gases | sunlight |
| The second most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere | oxygen |
| the form of oxygen that protects Earth from the sun’s ultraviolet rays | ozone |
| this current consists of air or a liquid moving in a circular path as it is heated and cooled | convection |
| trap radiated heat near Earth’s surface | greenhouse gases |
| Electrically charged atoms | ions |
| flow of heat from a warmer object to a colder object when the objects are placed in direct physical contact | conduction |
| The continuous movement of water into the air, onto land, and then back to water sources | water cycle |
| measure of the quantity of dissolved salts | salinity |
| Speed at which ocean absorbs and releases heat compared to land | slow |
| Small streams and rivers that flow into larger ones | tributaries |
| liquid water is heated by the sun and then rises into the atmosphere as water vapor | evaporation |
| influence the climate of the region when they flow past land | surface currents |
| The process that occurs when water vapor forms water droplets on dust particles | condensation |
| surface of the land where water enters an aquifer | recharge zone |
| both matter and energy are exchanged between a system and a surrounding environment | open system |
| allows a planet to hold and maintain an atmosphere | gravity |
Created by:
rseneta
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