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Chapter8 description
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Accommodation. | The adjustment of the lens of the eye for focusing on objects at various distances. |
| Define Autonomic nervous system. | The portion of the nevous system taht controls such unconscious functions as the activites of the heart, other visceral organs and various glands. |
| Define Blind spot. | The point on the retina of the eye where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball, at which there are no light sensitive cells to recive visual messages. |
| Define Blood brain barrier. | The tighly sealed of capillaries in the central nervous system that prevent harmful substances and pathogenic microorganisms from entering the brain or cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Define Cerebral cortex. | The outer layer of the cerebrum. |
| Define Cerebrospinal fluid. | The fluid that occupies the ventricles of the brain, the subarachnoid space of the meninges, and the central canal of the spinal cord; serves to protect and nourish brain and spinal tissue. |
| Define Coma. | A prolonged state of unconsciousness. |
| Define Concussion. | A period of paralysis of the central nervous system accompanied by a short period of unconsciousness caused by a blow to the head. |
| Define Cornea. | The transparent front portion of the outer layer of the eyeball. |
| Define Decibel. | A measurement of the relative intensity or loudness of a sound. |
| Define Eardrum. | A tough, tightly streched membrane of skin in the ear that detects sound vibrations and transmits them by means of special bones to the cochlea. |
| Define Cochlea. | The snail shaped portion of the inner ear that contains the sensory receptors for the sense of hearing. |
| Define Glaucoma. | A condition in which the pressure of the fluid inside the eye becomes higher than normal; can cause permanent damage to the retina if left untreated. |
| Define Iris. | The colored portion of the uvea ate the front of the eye that regulates the size of the pupil. |
| Define Ciliary body. | The front portion of the choroid of the eye that contains the ciliary muscles and adjusts the curvature of the lens for focusing. |
| Define Choroid. | A layer of connective tissue of the eye that is rich in blood cells and provides the eye with nourishment ; considered part of the uvea. |
| Define Lens. | The transparent, convex stucture of the eye, behind the iris, that adjusts the focus of light rays passing through it; responsible for accommodation. |
| Define Pupil. | The opening in the iris through which light enters the eye. |
| Define Limbic system. | A group of several structures located at the core of the brain that are thought to corrdinate the activity of the differant parts of the brain and seem to be important in generating and regulating emotions and desires. |
| Define Medulla oblongata. | The lowest part of the brain stem, located betwwen the pons and the spinal cord, whose nerve center controls such vital functions as breathing and heartbeat. |
| Define Meninges | A triple layer of tissue that covers and protects the brain and spainal cord. |
| Define Neurologist | A physician that specializes in the disorders of the nervous system. |
| Define Neurobiologist | A biologist who specializes in the study of the nervous system. |
| Define Reflex | A quick, automatic response to a stimulus in which the nerve impulse bypasses the brain. |
| Define REM sleep | A period of sleep characterized by small, fast brain waves similar to those of an awake person, accompanied by rapid eye movements as though watch the events of a dream. |
| Define Rhodopsin | The substance in rod cells that dectects light; consists of a molecule derived from vitimin a suspended in a protein framework. |
| Define Rod cells | Visual receptor cells located in the retina of the eye that are responsible for night vision. |
| Define Cone cells | Visual receptor cells located in the retina of the eye that are responsible for color vision. |
| Define Schwann cell | Special glial cells that wrap around nerve-cell axons in peripheral nerves ,providing them with layers of myelin sheathing that acts much like the insulation on a electical wire. |
| Define Sclera | The tough, white outer layer of the eye. |
| Define Uvea | The pigmented, vascular layer of the eye, consisting of choroid , ciliary body and iris. |
| Define Retina | The light-sensitive layer of the eye. |
| Define Sensorineural deafness | Partial or complete hearing loss resulting from repeated or prolonged exposure to excessively loud sounds. |
| Define Stroke | A serious injury of the nervous system that results when part of the brain is deprived of blood as a result of blockage or rupture in a blood vessel |
| Define Synapse | The naroow junction between the axon of one nerve cell and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron. |
| Define Taste buds | Chemoreceptors on the tounge responsible for the sense of taste. |
| Define Tinnitus | A buzzing or ringing in the ears that occurs without any external stimulus; often results from inner ear damage caused by excessive exposure to loud noises. |
| Define Whiplash | A neck injury characterized by pain, muscle spasm, and limited motion of the neck, caused by injury to the spinal nerves that protrude from the cervical verebrae. |
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